Molecular Imaging with Targeted Contrast Ultrasound
Molecular Imaging with Targeted Contrast Ultrasound
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DOI：
10.1159/000203128
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Lindner, Jonathan R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Piedra, Mark;Allroggen, Achim;Lindner, Jonathan R.
对比超声的分子成像依赖于目标微泡或其他声学活性纳米粒子的检测。这些微泡保留在患病组织中，由于它们在超声波场中的共振特性，它们会产生声信号。靶向是通过操纵微泡壳的化学性质或通过将目标分子的疾病特异性配体缀合到微泡表面来实现的。由于微泡无法离开血管内空间，因此疾病过程必须以要成像的血管室中的分子变化为特征。炎症、血管生成和血栓形成是许多疾病状态的核心病理生理过程，并在血管室中产生表型变化。因此，未来的靶向对比超声可以帮助诊断动脉粥样硬化、移植排斥和肿瘤相关发生等多种疾病。对比增强超声的分子成像使用保留在患病组织中的靶向微泡。这些微泡的共振特性在超声波场中产生声信号。通过使用微泡壳中的某些化学成分或通过将疾病特异性配体（例如抗体）附着到微泡上，微泡靶向患病组织。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了该技术在脑血管系统病理状态中的应用，包括动脉粥样硬化、肿瘤血管生成、缺血、血管内血栓和炎症。
Molecular imaging with contrast ultrasound relies on the detection of targeted microbubbles or other acoustically active nanoparticles. These microbubbles are retained in diseased tissue where they produce an acoustic signal because of their resonant properties in the ultrasound field. Targeting is accomplished either through manipulating the chemical properties of the microbubble shell or through conjugation of disease-specific ligands for the targeted molecule to the microbubble surface. As microbubbles cannot leave the intravascular space, the disease process must be characterized by molecular changes in the vascular compartment to be imaged. Inflammation, angiogenesis and thrombus formation are central pathophysiologic processes in many disease states and produce phenotypic changes in the vascular compartment. Thus, targeted contrast ultrasound in the future could aid in the diagnosis of such diverse diseases as atherosclerosis, transplant rejection and tumor-related genesis.Molecular imaging with contrast-enhanced ultrasound uses targeted microbubbles that are retained in diseased tissue. The resonant properties of these microbubbles produce acoustic signals in an ultrasound field. The microbubbles are targeted to diseased tissue by using certain chemical constituents in the microbubble shell or by attaching disease-specific ligands such as antibodies to the microbubble. In this review, we discuss the applications of this technique to pathological states in the cerebrovascular system including atherosclerosis, tumor angiogenesis, ischemia, intravascular thrombus, and inflammation.