Animacy, perceptual load, and inattentional blindness
Animacy, perceptual load, and inattentional blindness
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DOI：
10.3758/s13423-013-0543-8
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Jackson, Russell E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calvillo, Dustin P.;Jackson, Russell E.
注意力不集中视盲是指在从事需要注意力的任务时，未能注意到视觉场景中的意外物体。我们研究了生命性和知觉负荷对无意视盲的影响。被试在低或高知觉负荷下寻找一个类别样本。在最后一次试验中，参与者被暴露在一个意想不到的物体面前，这个物体要么是有生命的，要么是无生命的。意外的对象被检测到更频繁地当他们是有生命的，而不是无生命的，更频繁地与低比高的感知负荷。我们还测量了工作记忆容量，发现它预测了意外物体的检测，但只有在高感知负荷的情况下。结果与生物监测假设一致，该假设表明，由于在祖先狩猎采集环境中检测生物的重要性，生物物体会引起注意。
Inattentional blindness is the failure to notice unexpected objects in a visual scene while engaging in an attention-demanding task. We examined the effects of animacy and perceptual load on inattentional blindness. Participants searched for a category exemplar under low or high perceptual load. On the last trial, the participants were exposed to an unexpected object that was either animate or inanimate. Unexpected objects were detected more frequently when they were animate rather than inanimate, and more frequently with low than with high perceptual loads. We also measured working memory capacity and found that it predicted the detection of unexpected objects, but only with high perceptual loads. The results are consistent with the animate-monitoring hypothesis, which suggests that animate objects capture attention because of the importance of the detection of animate objects in ancestral hunter-gatherer environments.