Development and comparison of five site-specific biosphere models for safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal
Development and comparison of five site-specific biosphere models for safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal
复制标题
用于放射性废物处置安全评估的五种特定地点生物圈模型的开发和比较
DOI：
10.1088/0952-4746/25/4/001
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
T. Zeevaert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Pröhl;G. Olyslaegers;B. Kanyár;P. Pinedo;U. Bergström;S. Mobbs;K. Eged;T. Katona;I. Simón;U. B. Hallberg;Q. Chen;R. Kowe;T. Zeevaert
本文描述了可用于在核废物处置性能评估研究框架内评估潜在暴露的特定地点生物圈模型的开发和应用。模型开发遵循在生物量研究框架内建立的参考生物圈方法论。在这篇文章中，应用于欧洲五个地点的真实地点，这些地点的环境和农业条件已经被描述和描述。对于每个地点，都建立了一个生物圈模型，专门假设将放射性核素释放到人类使用的水中，例如作为人和牛的饮用水和灌溉用水。在摄取途径中，饮用水、谷物、叶类蔬菜、土豆、牛奶、牛肉和淡水鱼的摄入量都包括在所有型号中。计算了年个人剂量，并通过随机计算估计了结果中的不确定度。为了便于比较，所有结果都归一化为所考虑的每种放射性核素(36Cl、79Se、99Tc、129I、135Cs、226Ra、231PA、230Th、237Np、239Pu和238U)在地下水中的活度浓度为1Bq m−3，即那些通常与核废物处置性能评估研究最相关的放射性核素。尽管研究结果没有给出未来潜在暴露的绝对答案，但它们指出了在不同环境中可能发生的暴露的范围，并具体说明了环境条件、人类习惯和潜在暴露之间的相互作用。
This paper describes the development and application of site-specific biosphere models that might be used for assessment of potential exposures in the framework of performance assessment studies of nuclear waste disposals. Model development follows the Reference Biosphere Methodology that has been set up in the framework of the BIOMASS study. In this paper, the application is to real sites at five European locations for which environmental and agricultural conditions have been described and characterised. For each of the sites a biosphere model has been developed specifically assuming a release of radionuclides to waters that are used by humans, for example as drinking water for humans and cattle and as irrigation water. Among the ingestion pathways, the intakes of drinking water, cereals, leafy vegetables, potatoes, milk, beef and freshwater fish are included in all models. Annual individual doses were calculated, and uncertainties in the results were estimated by means of stochastic calculations. To enable a comparison, all results were normalised to an activity concentration in groundwater of 1 Bq m−3 for each of the radionuclides considered (36Cl, 79Se, 99Tc, 129I, 135Cs, 226Ra, 231Pa, 230Th, 237Np, 239Pu, and 238U), i.e. those that are usually most relevant in performance assessment studies of nuclear waste disposals. Although the results do not give answers in absolute terms on potential future exposures, they indicate the spectrum of exposures that might occur in different environments and specify the interaction of environmental conditions, human habits and potential exposure.