Hydroxychloroquine blocks SARS-CoV-2 entry into the endocytic pathway in mammalian cell culture.

Hydroxychloroquine blocks SARS-CoV-2 entry into the endocytic pathway in mammalian cell culture.
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DOI:
10.1038/s42003-022-03841-8
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发表时间:
2022-09-14
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学2区
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--
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羟氯喹 (HCQ) 是一种用于治疗狼疮和疟疾的药物,被提议用于治疗 SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染,尽管存在争议。在体外,HCQ 可有效抑制病毒进入,但其在临床上的使用却因相互矛盾的结果而受到阻碍。需要更好地了解 HCQ 的体外作用机制。最近,麻醉剂被证明会破坏单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂 1 (GM1) 脂质的有序簇。这些相同的脂质簇将 SARS-CoV-2 表面受体血管紧张素转换酶 2 (ACE2) 募集到内吞脂质中,远离磷脂酰肌醇 4,5 二磷酸 (PIP2) 簇。在这里,我们利用培养的哺乳动物细胞(VeroE6、A549、H1793 和 HEK293T)的超分辨率成像来显示 HCQ 直接扰乱 ACE2 受体与内吞脂质和 PIP2 簇的聚集。在胆固醇升高的情况下,HCQ 使 ACE2 远离内吞脂质。在静息(低)胆固醇的细胞中,ACE2 主要与 PIP2 簇相关,而 HCQ 使 ACE2 远离 PIP2 簇——红霉素也有类似的效果。我们得出的结论是,HCQ 通过高组织胆固醇和低组织胆固醇两种不同的机制抑制病毒进入,并且在抑制组织蛋白酶-L 之前进行。 HCQ 临床试验和动物研究在评估剂量和疗效时需要考虑组织胆固醇水平。采用培养细胞中的超分辨率显微镜来剖析羟氯喹 (HCQ) 对质膜的影响,HCQ 直接扰乱 SARS-CoV-2 受体 ACE2 与内吞脂质和 PIP2 簇的聚集。
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a drug used to treat lupus and malaria, was proposed as a treatment for SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, albeit with controversy. In vitro, HCQ effectively inhibits viral entry, but its use in the clinic has been hampered by conflicting results. A better understanding of HCQ’s mechanism of actions in vitro is needed. Recently, anesthetics were shown to disrupt ordered clusters of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside1 (GM1) lipid. These same lipid clusters recruit the SARS-CoV-2 surface receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to endocytic lipids, away from phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) clusters. Here we employed super-resolution imaging of cultured mammalian cells (VeroE6, A549, H1793, and HEK293T) to show HCQ directly perturbs clustering of ACE2 receptor with both endocytic lipids and PIP2 clusters. In elevated (high) cholesterol, HCQ moves ACE2 nanoscopic distances away from endocytic lipids. In cells with resting (low) cholesterol, ACE2 primarily associates with PIP2 clusters, and HCQ moves ACE2 away from PIP2 clusters—erythromycin has a similar effect. We conclude HCQ inhibits viral entry through two distinct mechanisms in high and low tissue cholesterol and does so prior to inhibiting cathepsin-L. HCQ clinical trials and animal studies will need to account for tissue cholesterol levels when evaluating dosing and efficacy. Super-resolution microscopy in cultured cells is employed to dissect the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) at the plasma membrane and HCQ directly perturbs clustering of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 with endocytic lipids and PIP2 clusters.
脂筏介导的附着在冠状病毒传染性支气管炎病毒Beaudette菌株感染培养细胞中的重要作用
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