The Reward Probability Index: Design and Validation of a Scale Measuring Access to Environmental Reward
The Reward Probability Index: Design and Validation of a Scale Measuring Access to Environmental Reward
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DOI：
10.1016/j.beth.2010.05.004
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hopko, Derek R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carvalho, John P.;Gawrysiak, Michael J.;Hopko, Derek R.
抑郁症的行为模型表明，反应相关正强化（RCPR）的减少对于抑郁症的发展和维持至关重要（Lewinsohn，1974）。鉴于缺乏心理测量上合理的 RCPR 自我报告测量，奖励概率指数 (RPI) 被开发来衡量获得环境奖励的情况并近似实际的 RCPR。在研究 1 (n=269) 中，探索性因素分析支持 20 项双因素模型（奖励概率、环境抑制因素），具有很强的内部一致性 (alpha=.90)。在研究 2 (n=281) 中，验证性因素分析支持这种双因素结构，并且通过 RPI 与活动、回避、强化和抑郁测量之间的强相关性建立了收敛效度 (r=.65 至 .81)。 RPI 与社会支持和躯体焦虑测量之间较小的相关性（r=-.29 至 -.40）支持区分效度。两周重测可靠性很强 (r=.69)。在研究 3 (n=33) 中，控制抑郁症状，层次回归支持 RPI 在预测环境奖励的每日日记报告方面的增量有效性。 RPI 代表了一种简约、可靠且有效的衡量标准，可以帮助理解抑郁症的病因及其与外在行为的关系。
Behavioral models of depression implicate decreased response-contingent positive reinforcement (RCPR) as critical toward the development and maintenance of depression (Lewinsohn, 1974). Given the absence of a psychometrically sound self-report measure of RCPR, the Reward Probability Index (RPI) was developed to measure access to environmental reward and to approximate actual RCPR. In Study 1 (n=269), exploratory factor analysis supported a 20-item two-factor model (Reward Probability, Environmental Suppressors) with strong internal consistency (alpha=.90). In Study 2 (n=281), confirmatory factor analysis supported this two-factor structure and convergent validity was established through strong correlations between the RPI and measures of activity, avoidance, reinforcement, and depression (r=.65 to .81). Discriminant validity was supported via smaller correlations between the RPI and measures of social support and somatic anxiety (r=-.29 to -.40). Two-week test-retest reliability was strong (r=.69). In Study 3 (n=33), controlling for depression symptoms, hierarchical regression supported the incremental validity of the RPI in predicting daily diary reports of environmental reward. The RPI represents a parsimonious, reliable, and valid measure that may facilitate understanding of the etiology of depression and its relationship to overt behaviors.