Simulations of cosmic rays in large-scale structures: numerical and physical effects

Simulations of cosmic rays in large-scale structures: numerical and physical effects
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大规模结构中的宇宙射线模拟:数值和物理效应

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/stu126
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Brüggen
Brüggen
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gheller;Brüggen

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非热(相对论)粒子通过结构形成冲击波、活跃星系核和恒星爆炸注入宇宙。我们在网格代码enzo中使用双流体模型提出了一套unigrid宇宙学模拟(高达20483)。模拟包括宇宙射线 (CR) 质子的动力学效应,并涵盖一系列理论上驱动的加速效率。对于大部分宇宙体积,CR 过程的建模在分辨率方面相当稳定,前提是采用 ≈100 kpc h−1 的最小(单元)分辨率。然而,最内部簇区域的结果取决于重子物理学的假设。在星团内部,高分辨率的非辐射运行往往会产生低于费米卫星可用上限的 CR 能量密度,而辐射运行被发现会产生更高的 CR 预算。我们表明,弱(M≤3-5)激波和激波再加速对于设定星团最内部区域的CR能量水平至关重要,而在外部区域,CR能量水平主要通过较强激波的直接注入来设定,并且对冷却和来自活动星系核和超新星的反馈不太敏感。
Non-thermal (relativistic) particles are injected into the cosmos by structure formation shock waves, active galactic nuclei and stellar explosions. We present a suite of unigrid cosmological simulations (up to 20483) using a two-fluid model in the grid codeenzo. The simulations include the dynamical effects of cosmic ray (CR) protons and cover a range of theoretically motivated acceleration efficiencies. For the bulk of the cosmic volume the modelling of CR processes is rather stable with respect to resolution, provided that a minimum (cell) resolution of ≈100 kpc h−1is employed. However, the results for the innermost cluster regions depend on the assumptions for the baryonic physics. Inside clusters, non-radiative runs at high resolution tend to produce an energy density of CRs that are below available upper limits from theFermisatellite, while the radiative runs are found to produce a higher budget of CRs. We show that weak (M≤ 3–5) shocks and shock–re-acceleration are crucial to set the level of CRs in the innermost region of clusters, while in the outer regions the level of CR energy is mainly set via direct injection by stronger shocks, and is less sensitive to cooling and feedback from active galactic nuclei and supernovae.
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