What Works to Increase Vaccination Uptake
What Works to Increase Vaccination Uptake
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DOI：
10.1016/j.acap.2021.01.017
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发表时间：
2021-05-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Brewer, Noel T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brewer, Noel T.
行为科学提供了几个关于如何让人们接种疫苗的想法。我和同事们之前审查了这些主张的证据，并提出了众所周知的增加疫苗接种模式。为了使该模型更容易为从业人员所接受，本论文总结了早期工作的主要见解。首先，观察性研究清楚地表明，思想和感受与疫苗接种有关。这些结构包括对传染病危害的感知风险以及对疫苗安全性和有效性的信心。然而，干预措施并没有普遍表明，改变思想和感受会增加疫苗接种率。其次，社会过程在观察性研究中前景看好。这些概念包括社会规范、利他主义和通过社交媒体进行分享。在得出社会进程是否是有效干预目标的结论之前，还需要在这一前景广阔的领域进行更多研究。第三，直接改变行为的干预措施--而不是试图改变人们的想法或感受或他们的社会经历--是增加疫苗接种率的可靠有效方法。这些干预措施包括提醒、违约和疫苗要求。最后，增加疫苗接种率最有效的干预措施是医疗保健提供者的建议，但目前仍不清楚这种建议是否有效，因为它们增加了信心，设定了社会规范，还是反映了一种直接的行为改变技术。文章最后描述了世界卫生组织一个工作组在考虑解决全球疫苗接种率低的问题时使用该模型的情况。
Behavioral science offers several ideas about what it takes to get people to vaccinate. Colleagues and I previously reviewed the evidence for these propositions and put forward what has become known as the Increasing Vaccination Model. To make the model more accessible to practitioners, the current paper summarizes the main insights from the earlier work. First, observational studies show clearly that thoughts and feelings are correlated with vaccine uptake. Such constructs include perceived risk of harm from infectious disease and confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy. However, interventions have not generally shown that changing thoughts and feelings increases vaccine uptake. Second, social processes are promising in observational studies. Such constructs include social norms, altruism, and sharing through social media. More research is needed in this promising area before it will be possible to conclude whether social processes are effective intervention targets. Third, interventions that directly change behavior- without trying to change what people think or feel or their social experience- are reliably effective ways to increase vaccine uptake. Such interventions include reminders, defaults, and vaccine requirements. Finally, the most potent intervention for increasing vaccine uptake is a health care provider recommendation, but it is still unclear whether such recommendations are effective because they increase confidence, set a social norm, or reflect a direct behavior change technique. The paper ends by describing use of the model by a World Health Organization working group as it considers opportunities to address low vaccination uptake globally.