Microbial symbionts and ecological divergence of Caribbean sponges: A new perspective on an ancient association
Microbial symbionts and ecological divergence of Caribbean sponges: A new perspective on an ancient association
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DOI：
10.1038/s41396-020-0625-3
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发表时间：
2020-03-20
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Paul, Valerie J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Freeman, Christopher J.;Easson, Cole G.;Paul, Valerie J.
海洋海绵宿主微生物共生体的不同社区，扩大其主机的代谢能力，但这些社区的丰度和结构是非常不同的海绵物种。在这些相互作用的特异性可能燃料主机生态位分区拥挤的珊瑚礁，允许个别海绵物种利用独特的碳和氮源，但这一假设还有待检验。鉴于存在大量海绵生物量和多种海绵物种共存，加勒比海为研究这一假设提供了一个独特的系统。为了测试同域加勒比海海绵之间的生态分歧，并调查这些趋势是否介导的微生物共生体，我们测量了稳定同位素（三角洲C-13和三角洲N-15）的比率和特点的微生物群落结构的海绵物种在四个地区内的网站跨越1700公里的纬度梯度。同域物种的同位素生态位重叠较低（中位数为8.2%）;此外，宿主身份占一个地点内单个样品之间Δ C-13和Δ N-15值以及微生物群落结构差异的75%以上。在Δ N-15值和微生物群落多样性中也存在强烈的系统发育信号，以及微生物群落结构与Δ C-13和Δ N-15值之间的相关性。总之，这一证据支持了一个假设，强大的进化选择的生态分歧海绵谱系，并表明这种分歧至少部分介导的协会与微生物共生体。
Marine sponges host diverse communities of microbial symbionts that expand the metabolic capabilities of their host, but the abundance and structure of these communities is highly variable across sponge species. Specificity in these interactions may fuel host niche partitioning on crowded coral reefs by allowing individual sponge species to exploit unique sources of carbon and nitrogen, but this hypothesis is yet to be tested. Given the presence of high sponge biomass and the coexistence of diverse sponge species, the Caribbean Sea provides a unique system in which to investigate this hypothesis. To test for ecological divergence among sympatric Caribbean sponges and investigate whether these trends are mediated by microbial symbionts, we measured stable isotope (delta C-13 and delta N-15) ratios and characterized the microbial community structure of sponge species at sites within four regions spanning a 1700 km latitudinal gradient. There was a low (median of 8.2 %) overlap in the isotopic niches of sympatric species; in addition, host identity accounted for over 75% of the dissimilarity in both delta C-13 and delta N-15 values and microbiome community structure among individual samples within a site. There was also a strong phylogenetic signal in both delta N-15 values and microbial community diversity across host phylogeny, as well as a correlation between microbial community structure and variation in delta C-13 and delta N-15 values across samples. Together, this evidence supports a hypothesis of strong evolutionary selection for ecological divergence across sponge lineages and suggests that this divergence is at least partially mediated by associations with microbial symbionts.