Dominance and Prestige: Dual Strategies for Navigating Social Hierarchies
Dominance and Prestige: Dual Strategies for Navigating Social Hierarchies
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DOI：
10.1016/bs.aesp.2016.02.001
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Case, C. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maner, J. K.;Case, C. R.
等级制度的存在是人类社会群体普遍存在的特征。进化的观点提供了对等级本质的新见解，包括其原因和后果。当与社会心理学的理论和数据相结合时，进化方法为理解人们在社会等级中导航的策略提供了一个概念框架。这篇文章主要关注两种策略——统治和声望——它们在历史上调节人类等级制度中发挥了关键作用。支配反映了一系列行为、认知和情感，目的是通过胁迫、恐吓和对群体资源的自私操纵来达到社会地位。相反，声望反映的是通过展示有价值的知识和技能来获得社会地位的行为、认知和情感。尽管它们有相似之处（都是为了获得社会地位），但这两种策略涉及到非常不同的社会心理现象。除了(1)讨论和区分这两种策略之外，本章(2)描述了一个研究计划，调查它们对领导行为的影响，(3)考虑了这一框架对许多其他社会心理学文献的影响，(4)为进一步研究这两种策略在社会群体中的运作提供了建议。
The presence of hierarchy is a ubiquitous feature of human social groups. An evolutionary perspective provides novel insight into the nature of hierarchy, including its causes and consequences. When integrated with theory and data from social psychology, an evolutionary approach provides a conceptual framework for understanding the strategies that people use to navigate their way through social hierarchies. This article focuses on two strategies-dominance and prestige-that have played a key role in regulating human hierarchies throughout history. Dominance reflects a repertoire of behaviors, cognitions, and emotions aimed at attaining social rank through coercion, intimidation, and the selfish manipulation of group resources. Prestige instead reflects behaviors, cognitions, and emotions aimed at attaining social rank through the display of valued knowledge and skill. Despite their similarities (both are aimed at attaining social rank) the two strategies involve very different sets of social psychological phenomena. In addition to (1) discussing and differentiating the two strategies, this chapter (2) describes a program of research investigating their implications for leadership behavior, (3) considers implications of this framework for a number of other social psychological literatures, and (4) provides recommendations for further examining the operation of the two strategies in social groups.