Categorizing objects in isolation and in scenes: what a superordinate is good for.
Categorizing objects in isolation and in scenes: what a superordinate is good for.
复制标题
对孤立和场景中的对象进行分类：上级的好处是什么。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.15.4.572
复制
发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wisniewski,EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murphy,GL;Wisniewski,EJ
许多研究表明，受试者将物体归类为“基本”概念比归类为更一般的上位概念更快。然而，所有这些研究都使用了一个分类任务，其中单个，孤立的对象被识别。我们有充分的理由相信，上位概念通常用于指代对象的集合，而不是单个对象。例如，人们更经常使用家具这个术语来指代许多件家具，而不是命名一件家具。这表明，上位概念包括关于多个对象及其共同关系的信息，特别是这些对象出现的典型场景。四个实验研究了这种可能性，调查是否会减少或逆转的基本概念优势时，主题被要求catergorize一个对象作为场景的一部分。结果表明，当被试对场景中的物体进行分类时，基本-上位差异确实减小了。此外，当一个对象被放置在一个不合适的场景，有更多的干扰上级鉴定。结果表明，定性的差异表示的上位和基本概念。
Many studies have shown that subjects are faster at categorizing objects into “basic” concepts than into more general superordinate concepts. However, all of these studies have used a categorization task in which single, isolated objects are identified. There is good reason to believe that superordinate concepts are typically used to refer to collections of objects rather than to individual objects. For example, people more often use the term furniture to refer to a number of pieces of furniture rather than to name a single piece. This suggests that superordinate concepts include information about multiple objects and their common relations, particularly the typical scenes in which such objects appear. Four experiments examined this possibility by investigating whether the basic concept advantage will decrease or reverse itself when subjects are asked to catergorize an object as part of a scene. The results showed that the basic-superordinate difference did decrease when subjects categorized objects in scenes. Furthermore, when an object was placed in an inappropriate scene, there was more interference for superordinate identifications. The results suggest qualitative differences in the representations of superordinate and basic concepts.