Nepal mental health country profile
Nepal mental health country profile
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DOI：
10.1080/09540260310001635186
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发表时间：
2004-02-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Chapagain, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Regmi, SK;Pokharel, A;Chapagain, G
尼泊尔王国位于亚洲的中心地带，位于两大邻国中国和印度之间。尼泊尔是多个民族的家园。 2300 万人口中的大多数居住在农村。尽管许多健康和社会经济指标的数据尚不存在，但一些现有指标多年来显示出逐步改善。然而，文盲率和婴儿死亡率仍然是世界上最高的国家之一。从国内生产总值、生活在贫困线以下的人口和人均收入来看，尼泊尔仍然是世界上最贫穷的国家之一。尽管如此，它还是在其土地上为数千名不丹难民提供了庇护所。尼泊尔频发的自然灾害和近期的暴力冲突进一步加剧了人民生活的困难。不到3%的国家预算分配给卫生部门。心理健康受到的关注微乎其微。政府将约 1% 的卫生预算用于心理健康。目前尚无精神卫生法，1997 年制定的《国家精神卫生政策》尚未全面实施。由于所带来的耻辱，精神疾病很少被谈论。法律和保险系统的作用几乎可以忽略不计。经济负担落在了家庭身上。传统/宗教治疗方法仍然被积极实践，特别是在心理健康领域。该服务由略多于两打的精神科医生以及一些精神科护士和临床心理学家（主要在现代医疗机构执业）组成，已经开始显示出其影响力——但这仅限于特定的城市地区。全国大多数现代医疗机构都没有精神卫生机构。尼泊尔精神卫生面临的主要挑战是提供足够的人力、在全国范围内推广服务、提高公众意识以及制定和实施适当的政策。
The Kingdom of Nepal is situated in the heart of Asia, between its two big neighbours China and India. Nepal is home to several ethnic groups. The majority of the 23 million population reside in the countryside. Although figures on many of the health and socio-economic indicators are non-existing, some existing ones show gradual improvement over the years. However the figures for illiteracy and infant mortality are still one of the highest in the world. As per GDP, and population living below the poverty line and per capita income, Nepal still remains one of the poorest countries in the world. Despite this, it provides shelter to thousands of Bhutanese refugees in its land. Frequent natural disasters and recent violent conflicts in Nepal have further added hardship to life. Less than 3% of the national budget is allocated to the health sector. Mental health receives insignificant attention. The Government spends about 1% of the health budget on mental health. There is no mental health act and the National Mental Health Policy formulated in 1997 is yet to be fully operational. Mental ill health is not much talked about because of the stigma attached. The roles of the legal & insurance systems are almost negligible. The financial burden rests upon the family. The traditional/religious healing methods still remain actively practiced, specifically in the field of mental health. The service, comprising little more than two-dozen psychiatrists along with a few psychiatric nurses and clinical psychologists (mainly practicing in modern health care facilities) has started showing its impact-however this is limited to specific urban areas. The majority of the modern health care facilities across the country are devoid of a mental health facility. The main contextual challenges for mental health in Nepal are the provision of adequate manpower, spreading the services across the country, increasing public awareness and formulating and implementing an adequate policy.