Food consumption and weight gain after cessation of chronic amphetamine administration.
Food consumption and weight gain after cessation of chronic amphetamine administration.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.appet.2014.03.013
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发表时间：
2014-07
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Setlow B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Orsini CA;Ginton G;Shimp KG;Avena NM;Gold MS;Setlow B
戒断药物的同时，恢复期的成瘾者往往会增加食物消耗和体重增加。然而，目前尚不清楚这种现象（尤其是体重增加）是人类独有的，还是所有物种都普遍存在的药物停止的结果。为了解决这个问题，大鼠（n = 10/组）连续9天全身注射d -安非他明（3 mg/kg）或等量生理盐水。从最后一次注射后两天开始，大鼠可以自由地获得一种非常美味的食物混合物（由糖和黄油组成）以及他们的标准食物，并且每48小时测量一次食物消耗和体重，持续30天。与临床观察一致，在30天的过程中，服用安非他明的大鼠的体重比服用载药的大鼠增加得更多。令人惊讶的是，安非他命组和使用交通工具组在食用美味食物方面没有差别，但安非他命组明显比对照组食用更多的标准食物。长期接触安非他明的历史会增加食物摄入量，这一发现与之前在人类身上的研究一致，该研究表明，戒断滥用药物与暴饮暴食和体重增加有关。目前的研究结果可能反映了安非他明诱导的奖励动机机制的敏化，表明人类停药后体重增加可能是由于类似的机制。
Cessation of drug use often coincides with increased food consumption and weight gain in recovering addicts. However, it is not known whether this phenomenon (particularly the weight gain) is uniquely human, or whether it represents a consequence of drug cessation common across species. To address this issue, rats (n = 10/group) were given systemic injections of D-amphetamine (3 mg/kg) or an equal volume of saline vehicle for nine consecutive days. Beginning two days after the final injection, rats were given free access to a highly palatable food mixture (consisting of sugar and butter) along with their standard chow diet, and food consumption and body weight were measured every 48 hours for 30 days. Consistent with clinical observations, amphetamine-treated rats showed a greater increase in body weight over the course of the 30 days relative to vehicle-treated rats. Surprisingly, there was no difference in highly palatable food consumption between amphetamine- and vehicle-treated groups, but the amphetamine-treated group consumed significantly more standard chow than the control group. The finding that a history of chronic amphetamine exposure increases food consumption is consistent with previous work in humans showing that withdrawal from drugs of abuse is associated with overeating and weight gain. The current findings may reflect amphetamine-induced sensitization of mechanisms involved in reward motivation, suggesting that weight gain following drug cessation in humans could be due to similar mechanisms.