Human health effects of air pollution
Human health effects of air pollution
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.012
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Castanas, Elias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kampa, Marilena;Castanas, Elias
危险化学品通过一些自然和/或人为活动逃逸到环境中，可能对人类健康和环境造成不利影响。上个世纪化石燃料燃烧的增加是大气成分逐渐变化的原因。空气污染物，如一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化硫（SO2）、氮氧化物（NOx）、挥发性有机化合物（VOC）、臭氧（O-3）、重金属和可吸入颗粒物（PM2.5和PM10），在化学成分、反应特性、排放、分解时间和长距离或短距离扩散能力方面各不相同。空气污染对人体健康有急性和慢性影响，影响到许多不同的系统和器官。它的范围从轻微的上呼吸道刺激到慢性呼吸道和心脏病、肺癌、儿童急性呼吸道感染和成人慢性支气管炎，加重原有的心脏和肺部疾病或哮喘发作。此外，短期和长期接触也与过早死亡和预期寿命缩短有关。本文简要讨论了大气污染物对人体健康的影响及其作用机理。(c)2007爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Hazardous chemicals escape to the environment by a number of natural and/or anthropogenic activities and may cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Increased combustion of fossil fuels in the last century is responsible for the progressive change in the atmospheric composition. Air pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone (O-3), heavy metals, and respirable particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), differ in their chemical composition, reaction properties, emission, time of disintegration and ability to diffuse in long or short distances. Air pollution has both acute and chronic effects on human health, affecting a number of different systems and organs. It ranges from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory and heart disease, lung cancer, acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis in adults, aggravating pre-existing heart and lung disease, or asthmatic attacks. In addition, short- and long-term exposures have also been linked with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. These effects of air pollutants on human health and their mechanism of action are briefly discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.