Use of Restored Riparian Habitat by the Endangered Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus)
Use of Restored Riparian Habitat by the Endangered Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus)
复制标题
濒临灭绝的最小贝尔绿猴 (Vireo bellii pusillus) 对恢复的河岸栖息地的利用
DOI：
10.1046/j.1526-100x.1998.06110.x
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
B. Kus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Kus
加州河岸恢复的一个主要目标是为濒危物种创造栖息地。1989年至1993年，对圣地亚哥县的四个恢复地点进行了监测，并评估了它们是否适合作为州和联邦濒危的专职河岸繁殖者--贝利氏绿鸟(Vireo Bellii Pusillus)的筑巢栖息地。每年对每个地点的植被结构进行量化，并与来自自然栖息地的最少贝尔的Vireo地区的树冠结构模型进行比较。通过系统调查和巢穴监测，记录了对恢复的栖息地的绿色利用。到1993年，只有一个地点完全符合模型的栖息地适宜性标准，但每个地点的一部分在所有年份都达到了标准。不同地点在开发合适的栖息地所需时间上的差异--从地面到高度不到8米的层状植被--主要是由于年降雨量的变化。早在第一个生长季节，绿蜘蛛就造访恢复地点觅食，但它们没有在那里建立领地或筑巢，直到至少有一部分地点支持根据模型确定的合适栖息地。领土和巢的放置与自然筑巢地区特有的成片茂密的植被相吻合。邻近成熟的河岸栖息地为鸟类提供了缺乏种植植被的筑巢地点和/或觅食栖息地，加快了对恢复的地点的占领。在恢复的生境中筑巢的绿鸟取得了与在周围自然生境中筑巢的绿鸟相当的成功，而且没有证据表明在已建立的区域中生产力下降。这些发现表明，为该目标物种创造筑巢栖息地是可行的，并表明在恢复地点的设计和定量评估中都捕捉到了绿鸟筑巢栖息地的关键成分。
A primary objective of riparian restoration in California is the creation of habitat for endangered species. Four restoration sites in San Diego County were monitored between 1989 and 1993 and evaluated for their suitability as nesting habitat for Vireo bellii pusillus (Least Bell's Vireo), a state and federally endangered obligate riparian breeder. Vegetation structure at each site was quantified annually and compared to a model of canopy architecture derived from Least Bell's Vireo territories in natural habitat. Vireo use of restored habitat was documented through systematic surveys and nest monitoring. By 1993, only one site in its entirety met the habitat suitability criteria of the model, but portions of each site during all years did so. Differences between sites in the time required to develop suitable habitat—well‐developed layered vegetation from the ground to under 8m in height)—were attributable largely to variation in annual rainfall. Vireos visited restoration sites to forage as early as the first growing season, but they did not establish territories or nest there until at least part of the site supported suitable habitat as determined from the model. Placement of territories and nests coincided with patches of dense vegetation characteristic of natural nesting areas. Occupation of restored sites was accelerated by the presence of adjacent mature riparian habitat, which afforded birds nest sites and/or foraging habitat lacking in the planted vegetation. Vireos nesting in restored habitat achieved success comparable to that of vireos nesting in surrounding natural habitat, and there was no evidence that productivity was reduced in created areas. These findings indicate that creating nesting habitat for this target species is feasible and suggest that the critical components of vireo nesting habitat have been captured in both the design and quantitative assessment of restoration sites.