Exercise in pregnancy: How safe is it?
Exercise in pregnancy: How safe is it?
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DOI：
10.1097/00132585-200210010-00004
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Maffulli, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arena, B;Maffulli, N
运动在怀孕中的作用（EIP）被广泛争论。怀孕使母亲的几个生理变量发生显著变化。常规EIP限制了O-2需求的增加，并产生绝对厌氧阈值的增加，这种情况持续长达36周。孕期运动可减少肌肉痉挛、下肢水肿、疲劳和呼吸短促的发生率。增加的膝关节交叉韧带松弛通常不会产生任何不稳定。怀孕期间的运动可以减少孕妇在怀孕期间基线心率的增加。与未怀孕的对照组相比，孕妇运动后心率和中风量明显增加。去甲肾上腺素对EIP的反应低于未怀孕的对照组。与未怀孕的对照组相比，孕妇运动后血糖水平下降得更快，降得更低。葡萄糖耐量通常在怀孕期间下降，但在妊娠期增加。定期EIP可改善糖尿病母亲的葡萄糖耐量，并将母亲的总体重增加和皮下脂肪沉积降低到正常范围的下限。与久坐对照组相比，定期EIP在分娩过程中产生更高的血浆内啡肽水平和更好的疼痛耐受性。定期进行EIP的妇女发生阴道三度和四度撕裂的几率较低。母亲爱运动的孩子和母亲不爱运动的孩子出生时体重相似，5岁时的智力表现也更高。如果没有特殊的产科或医学禁忌症，健康的孕妇在怀孕期间可以安全地保持同样的健康水平，尽管运动时间表可能不得不减少。
The role of exercise in pregnancy (EIP) is widely debated. Pregnancy produces marked changes of several physiologic variables of the mother. Regular EIP limits the increase in O-2 requirement and produces an increase in the absolute anaerobic threshold, which persists for up to 36 weeks. Exercise in pregnancy reduces the incidence of muscle cramps, lower limb edema, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Increased knee cruciate ligament laxity does not normally produce any instability. Exercise in pregnancy reduces the increase in baseline maternal heart rate that occurs in pregnancy. Heart rate and stroke volume increase more markedly with exercise in pregnant women than in nonpregnant controls. Noradrenalin response to EIP is lower than in nonpregnant controls. Blood glucose levels decrease more promptly and to lower values with exercise in pregnant women than in nonpregnant controls. Glucose tolerance normally decreases in pregnancy, but increases during EIP. Regular EIP improves glucose tolerance in diabetic mothers and reduces total maternal weight gain and subcutaneous fat deposition toward the lower end of the normal range. Regular EIP produces higher plasma endorphin levels during labor and better pain tolerance than in sedentary controls. Women who undertake regular EIP have a lower incidence of 3rd- and 4th-degree vaginal tears. Children of exercising mothers have similar birth-weights as children of sedentary mothers, and mental performance at age 5 is higher. If there are no specific obstetric or medical contraindications, fit pregnant women can safely maintain the same level of fitness during pregnancy, although exercise schedules may have to be reduced.