An overview of agriculture, nutrition and fortification, supplementation and biofortification: Golden Rice as an example for enhancing micronutrient intake
An overview of agriculture, nutrition and fortification, supplementation and biofortification: Golden Rice as an example for enhancing micronutrient intake
复制标题
农业、营养和强化、补充剂和生物强化概述：以黄金大米为例，提高微量营养素摄入量
作者：
A. Dubock
世界人口的增长和有限的土地资源需要高强度的粮食生产。人体营养需要大量营养素和微量营养素。为穷人的主要作物提供微量营养素的一种方法是通过植物育种进行生物强化。所有植物育种方法都是可接受的和安全的，有些方法可以提供其他方法无法获得的微量营养素。维生素A缺乏症导致每天约4500名可预防的儿童死亡，而用维生素A原进行生物强化的黄金大米已被证明是一种潜在的无成本干预措施，其中大米是主要作物。《卡塔赫纳议定书》对环境问题的关注范围非常狭窄，现在正在转变为对可持续发展、粮食安全和气候变化的关注。世界银行建议使用生物强化谷物，包括黄金大米作为例子，作为解决营养不良问题的规范而不是例外，并指出教育，社会营销和大众媒体对于优化任何基于食物的营养不良缓解方法的有效性至关重要。已对黄金大米，转化事件GR2E进行了监管申请，涉及人类食品和饲料的安全性，在印刷时已由一个监管机构确认。经过20年的发展，人们对转基因作物的态度似乎正在发生变化，这有望造福人类和环境。
The worlds growing population and limited land resources require high intensity of food production. Human nutrition needs both macronutrients and micronutrients. One way of providing micronutrients in staple crops of the poor is biofortification, through plant breeding. All methods of plant breeding are acceptable and safe, and some methods can deliver micronutrients not achievable by other methods. Vitamin A deficiency is responsible for around 4500 preventable child deaths daily, and Golden Rice, biofortified with provitamin A, has proven potential as a costless intervention where rice is the staple crop. The Cartagena Protocol’s concentration on a very narrow concern for environment is changing to embrace concern for sustainable development, food security and climate change. The World Bank is recommending the use of biofortified cereals, including Golden Rice as an example, as the norm rather than the exception in addressing malnutrition, noting that education, social marketing and mass media are important to optimise the effectiveness of any food-based approaches to malnutrition alleviation. Regulatory applications have been made for Golden Rice, transformation event GR2E, relating to the safety of human food and feed, which has been confirmed by one regulatory authority at the time of printing. Attitudes to gmo-crops, after two decades, appear to be changing, which is expected to benefit humankind and the environment.