The identification and functional characterisation of conserved regulatory elements in developmental genes
The identification and functional characterisation of conserved regulatory elements in developmental genes
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DOI：
10.1093/bfgp/3.4.332
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发表时间：
2005-02-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mueller, Ferenc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dickmeis, Thomas;Mueller, Ferenc
了解支配基因组表达的机制是后基因组时代的主要挑战之一。系统发育足迹是在进化约束下识别基因组区域，已被证明有助于发现转录的顺式调控元件；然而，这种方法可能并不适用于所有进化距离和所有类型的基因。脊椎动物比较的最新结果表明，在发育调控基因中，顺式调控区的强烈保守可能发生得更频繁。本文综述了利用比较基因组学识别发育基因保守调控元件的方法，包括发现简单序列相似性以外的保守特征的新尝试。概述了所获得的结果，并对其功能和进化意义进行了评论。最后，对现有的表征假定保守的调控区域功能的方法进行了评价，并讨论了启动子亲和性、将远距离元件分配给其同源基因以及元件的多功能性等问题。
Understanding the mechanisms that govern the expression of genomes is one of the major challenges of the post-genomic era. Phylogenetic footprinting, which identifies genomic regions under evolutionary constraints, has proven helpful in findingcis-regulatory elements of transcription; however, this method may not be applicable across all evolutionary distances and for all types of genes. Recent results from vertebrate comparisons indicate that strong conservation ofcis-regulatory regions may occur more frequently in developmental regulator genes. This paper reviews methods of identifying conserved regulatory elements of developmental genes by comparative genomics, including new attempts to detect conserved features beyond simple sequence similarities. The results obtained are outlined and the authors comment on their functional and evolutionary implications. Finally, an evaluation of currently available methods of characterising the function of presumed conserved regulatory regions is presented, and problems such as promoter compatibility, assigning distant elements to their cognate genes and multifunctionality of elements, discussed.