Gender Differences in Risk for Intimate Partner Violence Among South African Adults
Gender Differences in Risk for Intimate Partner Violence Among South African Adults
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DOI：
10.1177/0886260510390960
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Seedat, Soraya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gass, Jesse D.;Stein, Dan J.;Seedat, Soraya
尽管南非亲密伴侣暴力的发生率很高，但很少有流行病学研究评估个人风险因素和按性别划分的不同脆弱性。本研究旨在根据南非男性和女性全国样本中的儿童和成人风险因素，分析亲密伴侣暴力受害和实施风险的性别差异。作者利用具有全国代表性的南非压力与健康横断面研究的数据，检查了 1,715 名目前已婚或同居的成年人关于亲密伴侣暴力行为的报告数据。我们的分析包括 (a) 人口因素、(b) 早期生活风险因素（包括童年遭受身体虐待、目睹父母暴力、父母亲密和早发 DSM-IV 疾病）和 (c) 成人风险因素（包括经历儿童死亡和 20 岁后 DSM-IV 疾病发作）。尽管两性中亲密伴侣暴力的发生率都很高，但女性报告受害的可能性明显高于男性（29.3% vs. 20.9%）。女性和男性的暴力行为率相似（分别为 25.2% 和 26.5%）。男性更有可能报告犯罪的预测因素，而女性更有可能报告受害的预测因素。报告犯罪行为的男性和女性的常见风险因素包括童年遭受身体虐待、目睹父母暴力以及成年后酗酒/依赖。然而，男性犯罪者的危险因素更可能包括同居、低收入以及早发和成年的情绪障碍，而女性犯罪者的危险因素包括教育程度低和早发的酗酒/依赖。伴侣暴力的男性和女性受害者的唯一常见风险因素是目睹父母暴力。男性受害者的其他风险因素是低收入和与主要女性照顾者缺乏亲密关系，而女性受害者的其他风险因素是教育程度低、儿童时期受到身体虐待、成年后开始酗酒/依赖和间歇性爆发性障碍。亲密伴侣暴力是南非的一个重大公共卫生问题，与暴力的代际循环和整个生命过程中的风险暴露密切相关。这些发现表明，风险和常见预测因素（例如酗酒和儿童暴力暴露）的性别差异应该为未来暴力预防计划和政策的设计提供信息。
Despite a high prevalence of intimate partner violence in South Africa, few epidemiological studies have assessed individual risk factors and differential vulnerability by gender. This study seeks to analyze gender differences in risk for intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration according to childhood and adult risk factors in a national sample of South African men and women. Using data from the cross-sectional, nationally representative South Africa Stress and Health Study, the authors examine data from 1,715 currently married or cohabiting adults on reporting of intimate partner violence. Our analysis include (a) demographic factors, (b) early life risk factors (including exposure to childhood physical abuse, witnessing parental violence, parental closeness, and early onset DSM-IV disorders), and (c) adult risk factors (including experiencing the death of a child and episodes of DSM-IV disorders after age 20). Although prevalence rates of intimate partner violence are high among both genders, women are significantly more likely than men to report being victimized (29.3% vs. 20.9%). Rates of perpetrating violence are similar for women and men (25.2% and 26.5%, respectively). Men are more likely to report predictive factors for perpetration, whereas women are more likely to report predictors for victimization. Common risk factors among men and women reporting perpetration include exposure to childhood physical abuse, witnessing parental violence, and adult onset alcohol abuse/dependence. However, risk factors in male perpetrators are more likely to include cohabitation, low income, and early and adult-onset mood disorders, whereas risk factors in female perpetrators include low educational attainment and early onset alcohol abuse/dependence. The single common risk factor for male and female victims of partner violence is witnessing parental violence. Additional risk factors for male victims are low income and lack of closeness to a primary female caregiver, whereas additional risk factors for female victims are low educational attainment, childhood physical abuse, and adult onset alcohol abuse/dependence and intermittent explosive disorder. Intimate partner violence is a significant public health issue in South Africa, strongly linked to intergenerational cycling of violence and risk exposure across the life course. These findings indicate that gender differences in risk and common predictive factors, such as alcohol abuse and exposure to childhood violence, should inform the design of future violence-prevention programs and policies.