α-tubulin tail modifications regulate microtubule stability through selective effector recruitment, not changes in intrinsic polymer dynamics.

α-tubulin tail modifications regulate microtubule stability through selective effector recruitment, not changes in intrinsic polymer dynamics.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.005
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发表时间:
2021-07-26
期刊:
影响因子:
11.8
通讯作者:
Roll-Mecak A
Roll-Mecak A
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen J;Kholina E;Szyk A;Fedorov VA;Kovalenko I;Gudimchuk N;Roll-Mecak A

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Microtubules are non-covalent polymers of αβ-tubulin dimers. Posttranslational processing of the intrinsically disordered C-terminal α-tubulin tail produces detyrosinated and ∆2-tubulin. Although these are widely employed as proxies for stable cellular microtubules, their effect (and of the α-tail) on microtubule dynamics remains uncharacterized. Using recombinant, engineered human tubulins, we now find that neither detyrosinated nor ∆2-tubulin affect microtubule dynamics, while the α-tubulin tail is an inhibitor of microtubule growth. Consistent with the latter, molecular dynamics simulations show the α-tubulin tail transiently occluding the longitudinal microtubule polymerization interface. The marked differential in vivo stabilities of the modified microtubule subpopulations, therefore, must result exclusively from selective effector recruitment. We find that tyrosination quantitatively tunes CLIP-170 density at the growing plus-end, and that CLIP170 and EB1 synergize to selectively up-regulate the dynamicity of tyrosinated microtubules. Modification-dependent recruitment of regulators thereby results in microtubule subpopulations with distinct dynamics, a tenet of the tubulin code hypothesis. Microtubules functionalized with different posttranslational modifications have different stabilities in cells. Chen et al. show that tyrosinated, detyrosinated and ∆2 microtubules have the same dynamic parameters and that their different dynamicity in cells results from the tyrosination-dependent recruitment of CLIP-170.
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