The Great Gatsby and Fitzgerald's World of Ideas
The Great Gatsby and Fitzgerald's World of Ideas
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了不起的盖茨比和菲茨杰拉德的思想世界
DOI：
10.2307/3333313
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Ronald Berman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ronald Berman
这篇文章的重点是f·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德和盛行的思想和价值观，渗透到美国社会在青少年晚期和二十年代初。它为《了不起的盖茨比》的创作提供了一幅知识分子和文化环境的肖像。这种对《盖茨比》的解读揭示了菲茨杰拉德对他所处时代问题的意识，以及他对威廉·詹姆斯、乔赛亚·罗伊斯、乔治·桑塔亚那、约翰·杜威、沃尔特·李普曼、H.L.门肯和埃德蒙·威尔逊等哲学家和评论家的感激。罗纳德·伯曼的方法考虑了对小说重要的各种思想的意义：例如，那些支配社会和个人生活的道德品质。伯曼对文本的解读揭示了对一些可以被富有成效地描述为哲学的问题的特别强调——友谊、爱情和美好的生活的本质。但这部小说的文本有很多呼应，同样对道德问题的关注——尤其是那些影响民主生活的问题——可以在本世纪前25年的许多其他文本中找到。菲茨杰拉德一生都在激烈辩论，这些文本为《了不起的盖茨比》的理想主义以及它对美国民主新形式下生活的深刻见解提供了全新的视角。伯曼明确指出，人们对《了不起的盖茨比》和菲茨杰拉德作品的普遍理解必须改变。他证明了菲茨杰拉德在一个巨大的辩证法中写作，将20世纪20年代的思想与他的许多作品中描述的“旧美国”的思想联系起来。盖茨比、尼克·卡罗威和菲茨杰拉德这部最伟大的小说中的其他人物不仅要考虑他们与现在的关系，还要考虑他们与曾经非常有意义的过去的距离。
This text focuses on F. Scott Fitzgerald and the prevailing ideas and values that permeated American society in the late teens and early twenties. It provides a portrait of the intellectual and cultural milieu in which "The Great Gatsby" was produced. This reading of "Gatsby" discloses Fitzgerald's awareness of the issues of his time and his debt to such philosophers and critics as William James, Josiah Royce, George Santayana, John Dewey, Walter Lippman, H.L. Mencken and Edmund Wilson. Ronald Berman's approach considers the meaning of various ideas important to the novel: for example, those moral qualities governing both social and individual life. Berman's reading of the text reveals extraordinary emphases on matters that could productively be described as philosophical - the nature of friendship, love and the good life. But the text of the novel has many echoes, and the same concern with moral issues - especially those issues affecting democratic life - can be found in a number of other texts of the first quarter of the century. Vigorously debated throughout Fitzgerald's own lifetime, these texts shed a completely new light on the idealism of "The Great Gatsby" and on the penetrating view it has of life in a new form of American democracy. Berman makes it clear that accepted interpretations of "The Great Gatsby" and of Fitzgerald's work in general must be changed. He demonstrates that Fitzgerald wrote within a vast dialectic, relating the ideas of the 1920s to those of the "old America" described in so many of his works. Gatsby, Nick Carraway and the other characters of Fitzgerald's greatest novel all have to consider not only their relationship to the present but also their distance from what was once a highly meaningful past.