Experimental evolution with an insect model reveals that male homosexual behaviour occurs due to inaccurate mate choice
Experimental evolution with an insect model reveals that male homosexual behaviour occurs due to inaccurate mate choice
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昆虫模型的实验进化表明，男性同性恋行为的发生是由于不准确的择偶行为
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.03.004
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Sales K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sales K
普遍存在的男性同性性行为（SSB）令人困惑：为什么进化允许代价高昂的同性恋行为存在，而生殖适应性主要是通过异性恋交配实现的？在这里，我们用实验进化来理解为什么面粉甲虫tribolium castaneum会发生SSB。通过改变82-106代的成年有效性别比，我们创造了不同的进化机制，根据其功能选择支持或反对SSB。雄性偏向（90:10:F）的制度在雌雄竞争中对雄性产生了强烈的选择，并要求提高定位和识别雌性伴侣的能力。相比之下，女性偏好的制度（10:90 M:F）产生了较弱的雄性竞争，并放宽了雄性对配偶寻找能力的选择。如果男性SSB通过性别选择的男性-男性竞争发挥作用，那么在男性偏见的制度中，生殖竞争比女性偏见的制度大9倍，这一点应该更为明显。相比之下，如果SSB是由于不准确的配偶选择而存在，那么在男性偏见的制度下，它应该减少，因为男性在寻找配偶和歧视能力方面的选择比女性偏见的制度更强，因为大多数潜在的交配目标是女性。根据这些不同的进化机制，我们通过同时呈现雌性和雄性交配目标的选择实验来测量雄性在SSB中的参与程度。两种制度下的雄性表现出相似的总体交配活动水平。然而，两种体制之间的SSB水平存在显著差异：通过男性偏向的操作性别比例进化的雄性更频繁地与雌性目标定位、交配和交配。相比之下，在偏向雌性的选择历史中，雄性与雌性交配的频率较低，在第一次交配时几乎是随机选择雄性和雌性目标。根据实验进化，我们因此得出结论，SSB不是通过性选择的雄性竞争发挥作用，而是因为雄性不能完全区分雌性作为配偶。
The existence of widespread male same-sex sexual behaviour (SSB) is puzzling: why does evolution allow costly homosexual activity to exist, when reproductive fitness is primarily achieved through heterosexual matings? Here, we used experimental evolution to understand why SSB occurs in the flour beetleTribolium castaneum. By varying the adult operational sex ratio across 82–106 generations, we created divergent evolutionary regimes that selected for or against SSB depending upon its function. Male-biased (90:10 M:F) regimes generated strong selection on males from intrasexual competition, and demanded improved ability to locate and identify female mates. By contrast, Female-biased regimes (10:90 M:F) generated weak male–male competition, and relaxed selection on mate-searching abilities in males. If male SSB functions through sexually selected male–male competition, it should be more evident within Male-biased regimes, where reproductive competition is nine times greater, than in the Female-biased regimes. By contrast, if SSB exists due to inaccurate mate choice, it should be reduced in Male-biased regimes, where males experience stronger selection for improved mate finding and discrimination abilities than in the Female-biased regime, where most potential mating targets are female. Following these divergent evolutionary regimes, we measured male engagement in SSB through choice experiments simultaneously presenting female and male mating targets. Males from both regimes showed similar overall levels of mating activity. However, there were significant differences in levels of SSB between the two regimes: males that evolved through male-biased operational sex ratios located, mounted and mated more frequently with the female targets. By contrast, males from female-biased selection histories mated less frequently with females, exhibiting almost random choice between male and female targets in their first mating attempt. Following experimental evolution, we therefore conclude that SSB does not function through sexually selected male–male competition, but instead occurs because males fail to perfectly discriminate females as mates.
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