Effectiveness of State Pollution Prevention Programs and Policies
Effectiveness of State Pollution Prevention Programs and Policies
复制标题
国家污染防治计划和政策的有效性
DOI：
10.1111/j.1465-7287.2011.00312.x
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Donna Ramirez Harrington
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donna Ramirez Harrington
各国正在使用以监管、信息和管理为基础的政策，鼓励采取污染预防(P2)和减少污染。本文以1991年至2001年S 500强企业向有毒物质排放清单报告的设施为样本，采用动态面板数据模型，检验了国家立法和政策在增加P2和减少有毒物质排放方面的有效性。我发现有毒废物立法在减少有毒物质排放和促进P2方面是有效的，但政策工具的效果不同。有报告要求和强制性规划的州的设施采用更多的P2，即使在不强调减少有毒废物的州也是如此。环境绩效较好的设施，报告的有效性较强，而具有P2经验的设施，强制性规划的效力较大。相比之下，数字目标只降低那些受到高水平执法行动的人的有毒污染水平。这些建议表明，报告要求和强制性规划可能正在促进P2做法，这些做法可以改善公众形象，并受益于增强的技术诀窍，但它们并没有导致有意义的污染减少，这意味着现有政策必须得到其他方法的补充，以实现更高的有毒污染水平减少。
States are using regulatory‐, information‐, and management‐based policies to encourage the adoption of pollution prevention (P2) and reduce pollution. Using a sample of facilities of S&P 500 firms which report to the Toxic Releases Inventory from 1991 to 2001, this study employs dynamic panel data models to examine the effectiveness of state legislations and policies in increasing P2 and reducing toxic releases. I find that toxic waste legislations are effective in reducing toxic releases and in promoting P2, but the effect of policy instruments differ. Facilities in states with reporting requirement and mandatory planning adopt more P2 even in states that do not emphasize toxic waste reduction. The effectiveness of reporting is stronger among facilities with good environmental performance, while the potency of mandatory planning is greater among facilities with past P2 experience. In contrast, numerical goals reduce toxic pollution levels only among those which have been subjected to high levels of enforcement action. These suggest that reporting requirement and mandatory planning may be promoting the P2 practices which can improve public image and which benefit from enhanced technical know‐how, but they are not causing meaningful pollution reductions, implying that the existing policies must be complemented by other approaches to achieve higher reductions in toxic pollution levels.