Molecular methods for research on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in India: problems and prospects
Molecular methods for research on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in India: problems and prospects
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
S. Reddy;P. Pindi;S. Reddy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Reddy;P. Pindi;S. Reddy
目前，丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的研究正处于十字路口。一些方面，例如它们在不同土壤条件下对整体植物生长的有益作用，已经得到了彻底的研究，而且，对于提倡将它们开发为生物接种剂，没有第二意见。然而，该类真菌的生物系统学、可培养性和田间性能评价等方面仍存在一些滞后，缺乏合适的技术，成为进一步研究进展的障碍。在用尽所有解决问题的方法后，菌根学家正在寻找这组生物体的分子方面。基因组的 rDNA 区域及其可变区域和保守区域已被发现是解决这些问题的理想位置。为了获得足够数量的 DNA，基于 PCR 的技术已成为必需，因为这些生物体是不可培养的，因此只能从孢子和受感染的根中分离出少量的 DNA。利用基于 DNA 的分子标记，在系统发育、分类学和功能共生等领域已经取得了一些进展和成功。未来一二十年，对这组生物体的分子水平研究将出现巨大增长，这有望有助于解决当今面临的许多问题。本文回顾了过去二十年世界各地进行的分子研究，以及印度未来研究的项目领域。
Research on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), presently, is at the crossroads. Some aspects like their beneficial role in overall plant growth under diverse edaphic conditions, have been thoroughly investigated and further, there is no second opinion to the advocacy of their development as bioinoculants. However, the biosystematics, culturability and field performance evaluation of this group of fungi are still some areas lagging behind for want of suitable techniques, which have become hurdles for further progress of research. Having exhausted all the options to resolve the issues, the mycorrhizologists are looking towards molecular aspects of this group of organisms. rDNA region of the genome, with its variable and conserved regions, has been found to be an ideal location to offer solutio n to the issues. PCR-based techniques have become mandatory to obtain sufficient quantities of DNA, as these o rganisms are nonculturable and thus only a small quantity of DNA could be isolated from spores and infected roots. Employing DNA-based molecular markers, some advancements and success have already been achieved in areas like phylogeny, taxonomy and functional symbiosis. The next one or two decades are going to witness tremendous increases in molecular level research on this group of organisms, which hopefully will help resolve many issues being confronted today. This article reviews the molecular investigations carried out during the last two decades all over the world and also project areas for future research in India.