Local role of progesterone in the ovary during the periovulatory interval.
Local role of progesterone in the ovary during the periovulatory interval.
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1012704903128
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Stouffer, Richard L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chaffin, Charles L;Stouffer, Richard L
早在20世纪70年代初，类固醇在排卵期事件中的卵巢内作用就被假定为，当时朗德尔假设类固醇促进促性腺激素对卵泡破裂的作用[1]。后来的研究表明，孕酮(P)可能是排卵周围事件的媒介之一[2，3]，RothChild[4]提供了一篇优雅的论文，阐述了孕酮是促进黄体发育的局部促黄体激素的理论。然而，直到1988年之后，研究人员发现P受体(PR)在几个物种(猴子[5]；人[6]；兔子[7]；大鼠[8，9]；鸡[10])的黄体生成颗粒细胞中表达，孕酮以一种普遍的方式调节卵巢事件并最终调节周期的可能性才引起了人们的注意。从那时起，研究人员在许多物种上进行了各种体内和体外研究，以检查孕酮在排卵周围事件中的作用。这些研究一般试图通过以下三种方法之一来确定孕酮的作用：(1)给予PR拮抗剂，(2)抑制孕酮合成，或(3)研究PR缺失(PR-/-)突变小鼠。虽然每种方法都有其优缺点，但总的来说，它们提供了明确的证据，表明孕酮是迄今为止所研究的所有哺乳动物排卵的重要媒介[2，3，11-13]。此外，尽管证据较少，但有人提出，黄体酮在黄体的发育和/或功能中也发挥着重要作用，特别是在猴子和奶牛等在卵巢周期中具有较长功能黄体期的物种中。随着最近在基因表达分析方面的突破，研究人员开始在卵巢中识别孕激素调节的基因。这篇综述的目的是强调最近的发现，证明孕酮的作用，以及孕酮调节的基因活性，与卵巢事件相关，可能是卵巢事件的关键，包括卵泡破裂和黄体形成。
An intraovarian role for steroids in periovulatory events was postulated as far back as the early 1970s, when Rondell hypothesized that steroids facilitate the actions of gonadotropins on follicle rupture [1]. Subsequent research indicated that progesterone (P) may be one of the mediators of periovulatory events [2,3] and Rothchild [4] provided an elegant treatise formulating the theory that progesterone was a local luteotropin promoting the development of the corpus luteum. However, it was not until after 1988, when investigators discovered that P receptors (PR) were expressed in the luteinizing granulosa cells of the ovulatory follicle in several species (monkey [5]; human [6]; rabbit [7]; rat [8,9]; chicken [10]), that the possibility of progesterone acting in a universal manner to regulate ovarian events and ultimately cyclicity, received attention. Since then, investigators have performed a variety of in vivo and in vitro studies in a number of species to examine the role of progesterone in periovulatory events. These studies generally attempted to characterize progesterone’s role by preventing progesterone action via one of three approaches: (1) administration of a PR antagonist, (2) inhibiting progesterone synthesis, or (3) studying the PR null (PR-/-) mutant mouse. While each approach has its advantages and disadvantages, collectively they provide unequivocal evidence that progesterone is an essential mediator of ovulation in all mammalian species examined to date [2,3,11–13]. Futhermore, there are suggestions, albeit less evidence, that progesterone also performs important roles in the development and/or function of the corpus luteum, particularly in species such as the monkey and cow that have a long functional luteal phase during the ovarian cycle. With recent breakthroughs in analyses of gene expression, investigators are beginning to identify progesterone-regulated genes in the ovary. The aim of this review is to highlight recent findings that demonstrate progesterone actions, and progesterone-regulated gene activity, that are associated with and perhaps critical for ovarian events, including follicle rupture and formation of the corpus luteum.