Resources and Sustainable Development in the Arctic
Resources and Sustainable Development in the Arctic
复制标题
北极的资源与可持续发展
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Irina V. Litvina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peter Schweitzer;F. Stammler;Cecilie Ebsen;A. Ivanova;Irina V. Litvina
本章回顾了选择奖学金集中在影响和效益协议（IBAs），以突出什么是IBAs已知的，并确定知识差距，特别是在加拿大北方。加拿大北方等地区的矿产勘探和开采长期以来一直被认为是经济活动和机会的来源。在过去的二十年里，加拿大土著社区越来越多地使用IBAs，这不应该被解读为他们明确接受或无故障使用的证据。对许多学者来说，值得注意的是，国际商业评估出现在加拿大和澳大利亚这两个司法管辖区，这两个司法管辖区管理采矿的监管程序，如环境评估（EA），相对先进。采矿公司与加拿大土著社区合作伙伴之间的关系因《采掘业透明度措施法》（2014年）的通过而受到考验，该法案要求加拿大公司披露通过保密的IBAs向土著政府支付的款项。
This chapter reviews select scholarship focused on Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBAs) to highlight what is known about IBAs and identify knowledge gaps, especially in Northern Canada. Mineral exploration and extraction in areas like Northern Canada has long been recognized as a source of economic activity and opportunity. The growing use of IBAs by Canadian Indigenous communities over the past two decades should not be read as evidence of their unequivocal embrace or trouble-free use. For many scholars, it is noteworthy that IBAs have emerged in two jurisdictions, Canada and Australia, where regulatory processes governing mining, such as Environmental Assessment (EA), are relatively progressive. Relations between firms operating mines and their partner Indigenous communities in Canada have been tested by the passing of the Extractive Sector Transparency Measures Act (2014), which requires Canadian companies to disclose payments to Aboriginal governments, formed through confidential IBAs.