Paleoenvironment and human hunting activity during MIS 2 in southern Jordan: Isotope records of prey remains and paleosols
Paleoenvironment and human hunting activity during MIS 2 in southern Jordan: Isotope records of prey remains and paleosols
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107432
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发表时间：
2022-04
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Y. Naito;M. Hirose;M. Belmaker;D. Henry;Momoko Osawa;Takashi Nakazawa;S. G. Habinger;Peter Tung;H. Bocherens;Sate Massadeh;S. Kadowaki
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作者：
Y. Naito;M. Hirose;M. Belmaker;D. Henry;Momoko Osawa;Takashi Nakazawa;S. G. Habinger;Peter Tung;H. Bocherens;Sate Massadeh;S. Kadowaki
通过对约旦南部托尔哈马尔岩石庇护所遗址出土动物遗骸的碳、氧稳定同位素组成分析，重建了该地区的古环境和狩猎活动。该遗址位于Jebel Qalkha地区，有考古学沉积物，可追溯到旧石器时代早期（约1000年）。38-37 ka）和Epipaleolithic（约。24-15 ka）时期。在该遗址的挖掘工作中，除了石器工具外，还发现了动物猎物的遗骸，从而能够对晚更新世的古环境进行估计。尽管保存条件差的动物遗骸，这是典型的这一地区，我们进行了同位素分析与鉴定的形态分析和肽序列的动物牙齿碎片除了同位素分析的古土壤有机质。原位古土壤同位素数据表明，Qalkhan古器物形成的较早时期（距今24-18 ka）环境较湿润，而Mushabian古器物形成的较晚时期（距今15.5- 15.2ka）环境较干燥。这一结果与里三湖更新世湖平面变化及其花粉资料一致，表明里三湖自15-16 ka以来突然向干旱状态转变。这一证据表明，古气候的趋势相反，在地中海沿岸和一个更突出的转变比记录在Soreq和Tzavoa洞穴洞穴在末更新世的北方内盖夫。然而，托尔哈马尔周围的环境变化并没有反映在瞪羚的同位素数据中。数据显示，黎凡特地区的同位素变化最大，这表明人类狩猎策略的变化可能针对Gazella属的多个不同物种和/或使用不同的狩猎区，特别是在Qalkhan和Mushabian时期之间。
Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of faunal remains unearthed from the rock shelter site of Tor Hamar in southern Jordan were analyzed for reconstructing paleoenvironments and hunting activities in the region. The site is located at the Jebel Qalkha area and has archaeological deposits dated to the Early Upper Paleolithic (ca. 38–37 ka) and the Epipaleolithic (ca. 24–15 ka) periods. The excavations at the site have yielded remains of animal prey in addition to lithic tools enabling estimation of paleoenvironments during the late Pleistocene. Despite the poorly preserved condition of animal remains, which is typical of this region, we performed isotope analysis together with identification by morphological analysis and peptide sequencing on animal tooth fragments in addition to the isotope analysis on paleosol organic matters. Thein-situpaleosol isotope data points to an environmental shift from a wetter condition in the older period yielding the Qalkhan artifacts (∼24–18 ka) to a drier condition in the later period yielding the Mushabian artifacts (∼15.5–15.2 ka). The results are consistent with the Pleistocene lake-level shift of Lake Lisan and its pollen data that indicate a sudden shift towards a drier condition since ∼15–16 ka. This evidence points to a paleoclimatic trend opposite to the one in Mediterranean coast and an even more prominent shift than is recorded in Soreq and Tzavoa cave speleothems during the terminal Pleistocene of the northern Negev. Yet the environmental shift around Tor Hamar was not mirrored in gazelle isotope data. The data show among the greatest isotopic variations in Levant suggesting a change in human hunting strategy that possibly targeted multiple different species of genusGazellaand/or a use of different hunting areas particularly between the Qalkhan and the Mushabian periods.