Are running speeds maximized with simple-spring stance mechanics?
Are running speeds maximized with simple-spring stance mechanics?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1152/japplphysiol.00174.2014
复制
发表时间：
2014-09-15
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Weyand, Peter G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, Kenneth P.;Weyand, Peter G.
最快的跑步速度是使用经典的弹簧质量模型预测的简单弹簧站姿力学实现的吗？我们假设，一个被动的，线性弹簧模型不会考虑运行机制，最大限度地提高地面力的应用和速度。我们通过比较运动专业化（竞技短跑运动员与非短跑运动员，每组n = 7）和跑步速度（最高速度与较慢速度）的地面力量应用模式来验证这一假设。垂直地面反作用力在5.0和7.0米/秒，和个人的最高速度（n = 797总脚步），而受试者在一个定制的，高速力跑步机上运行。使用R-2统计量（其中R-2为1.00 =完美拟合）评估测量的垂直力与时间波形模式和弹簧-质量模型预测模式之间的拟合优度。正如假设的那样，在三种测试速度下，竞技短跑运动员的施力模式比运动员、非短跑运动员的施力模式偏离简单弹簧模式的程度更大（R-2 = 0.91，分别），并且在最高速度下偏离最大（R-2 = 0.78 +/- 0.02）。短跑运动员比非短跑运动员达到更快的最高速度（10.4 +/- 0.3 m/s vs. 8.7 +/- 0.3 m/s），在上半场施加更大的垂直力（2.65 +/- 0.05对2.21 +/- 0.05体重），但不是站立阶段的后半部分（1.71 +/- 0.04对1.73 +/- 0.04体重）。我们的结论是，一个被动的，简单的弹簧模型具有有限的应用程序，短跑跑的性能，因为短跑测试的跑步者使用不对称的模式的力的应用，以最大限度地提高地面反作用力，并获得更快的速度。
Are the fastest running speeds achieved using the simple-spring stance mechanics predicted by the classic spring-mass model? We hypothesized that a passive, linear-spring model would not account for the running mechanics that maximize ground force application and speed. We tested this hypothesis by comparing patterns of ground force application across athletic specialization (competitive sprinters vs. athlete nonsprinters, n = 7 each) and running speed (top speeds vs. slower ones). Vertical ground reaction forces at 5.0 and 7.0 m/s, and individual top speeds (n = 797 total footfalls) were acquired while subjects ran on a custom, high-speed force treadmill. The goodness of fit between measured vertical force vs. time waveform patterns and the patterns predicted by the spring-mass model were assessed using the R-2 statistic (where an R-2 of 1.00 = perfect fit). As hypothesized, the force application patterns of the competitive sprinters deviated significantly more from the simple-spring pattern than those of the athlete, nonsprinters across the three test speeds (R-2 = 0.91, respectively), and deviated most at top speed (R-2 = 0.78 +/- 0.02). Sprinters attained faster top speeds than nonsprinters (10.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 8.7 +/- 0.3 m/s) by applying greater vertical forces during the first half (2.65 +/- 0.05 vs. 2.21 +/- 0.05 body wt), but not the second half (1.71 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.73 +/- 0.04 body wt) of the stance phase. We conclude that a passive, simple-spring model has limited application to sprint running performance because the swiftest runners use an asymmetrical pattern of force application to maximize ground reaction forces and attain faster speeds.