Place and Health as Complex Systems
Place and Health as Complex Systems
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地方和健康作为复杂的系统
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-09734-3
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Hafferty
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Castellani;R. Rajaram;J. Galen Buckwalter;Michael Ball;F. Hafferty
公共卫生的历史集中在问题和解决方案之间的直接关系：预防疾病的疫苗接种，针对危险行为的广告活动。但是，我们生活的节奏越来越快，越来越复杂，这对该领域提出了挑战，要求找到研究社区健康的新科学方法。地点复杂性（COP）方法正在成为这样一个有前途的方法。作为复杂系统的地方和健康展示了COP如何工作，为它在设计和实施干预措施中的应用提供了经验案例。这份简短的资源回顾了地方作为动态和不断发展的社会系统的定义特征，严格测试了它们以及COP方法本身。这项研究，在中西部的一个县内的20个社区，结合了基于案例的方法和复杂性科学，以确定COP是否改进了传统的公共卫生研究的统计方法。其结论揭示了该方法的优势和局限性，其使用的直接可能性以及未来研究的挑战。包括在覆盖范围：地点的特点和地点方法的复杂性。复杂系统的概念测试。使用SACS工具包进行基于案例的建模。研究中使用的方法、地图和测量。在更大的网络中作为节点放置。以权力为基础的冲突谈判。作为复杂系统的地方和健康使COP在公共卫生研究中更加突出，对人口学、健康地理学、社区健康、城市规划和流行病学等相关领域的研究人员也很有价值。
The history of public health has focused on direct relationships between problems and solutions: vaccinations against diseases, ad campaigns targeting risky behaviors. But the accelerating pace and mounting intricacies of our lives are challenging the field to find new scientific methods for studying community health. The complexities of place (COP) approach is emerging as one such promising method. Place and Health as Complex Systems demonstrates how COP works, making an empirical case for its use in for designing and implementing interventions. This brief resource reviews the defining characteristics of places as dynamic and evolving social systems, rigorously testing them as well as the COP approach itself. The study, of twenty communities within one county in the Midwest, combines case-based methods and complexity science to determine whether COP improves upon traditional statistical methods of public health research. Its conclusions reveal strengths and limitations of the approach, immediate possibilities for its use, and challenges regarding future research. Included in the coverage: Characteristics of places and the complexities of place approach. The Definitional Test of Complex Systems. Case-based modeling using the SACS toolkit. Methods, maps, and measures used in the study. Places as nodes within larger networks. Places as power-based conflicted negotiations. Place and Health as Complex Systems brings COP into greater prominence in public health research, and is also valuable to researchers in related fields such as demography, health geography, community health, urban planning, and epidemiology.