Using Rotatable and Directional (R&D) Sensors to Achieve Temporal Coverage of Objects and Its Surveillance Application
Using Rotatable and Directional (R&D) Sensors to Achieve Temporal Coverage of Objects and Its Surveillance Application
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DOI：
10.1109/tmc.2011.161
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发表时间：
2012-08
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
You-Chiun Wang;Yung-Fu Chen;Y. Tseng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
You-Chiun Wang;Yung-Fu Chen;Y. Tseng
由于硬件设计或成本的考虑，传感器可能具有类似扇区的传感覆盖。此外，通过步进电机，传感器可以旋转以覆盖周围的物体。这种类型的传感器被称为可旋转定向（R＆D）传感器。通过旋转，研发传感器通过“周期性”检测物体的存在，提供对物体的时间覆盖。在本文中，我们首先开发了一个由研发传感器驱动的事件驱动监控系统，其中物体由配备红外探测器和摄像机的传感器监控。当一个物体被拿走时，监控该物体的传感器会报告一条警告信息，以及周围环境的详细快照。然后，在系统的激励下，我们制定了一个研发传感器部署问题，该问题试图部署最小数量的研发传感器来覆盖给定的一组对象，使每个对象在每帧中被0 < \delta\le 1的时间比例覆盖。我们证明这个问题是np困难的，并提出了两种有效的启发式方法。最大覆盖部署（MCD）启发式算法迭代地部署传感器以覆盖更多的对象，并且在对象聚集时表现良好。启发式的磁盘重叠部署（disk- overlapped deployment， DOD）将传感器部署在重叠磁盘的连接扇区上，因此当物体被任意放置在传感域中时，启发式方法的效果更好。本文定义了一种新的研发传感器时间覆盖模型，开发了该模型的监控应用程序，并提出了有效的启发式方法来降低部署成本。
Due to hardware design or cost consideration, sensors may possess sector-like sensing coverage. Furthermore, by stepper motors, sensors can rotate to cover the objects around them. This type of sensors are called rotatable and directional (R&D) sensors. Through rotation, R&D sensors provide temporal coverage to objects by "periodically” detecting their existence. In the paper, we first develop an event-driven surveillance system by R&D sensors, where objects are monitored by the sensors equipped with infrared detectors and cameras. When an object is taken away, the sensor monitoring the object reports a warning message along with detailed snapshots from the surroundings. Then, motivated by the system, we formulate an R&D sensor deployment problem, which tries to deploy the minimum number of R&D sensors to cover a given set of objects such that each object is covered by 0 < \delta \le 1 ratio of time in every frame. We show this problem to be NP-hard and propose two efficient heuristics. The maximum covering deployment (MCD) heuristic iteratively deploys a sensor to cover more objects, and performs well when objects congregate together. The disk-overlapping deployment (DOD) heuristic deploys sensors to cover the joint sectors of overlapped disks, so it works better when objects are arbitrarily placed in the sensing field. The paper contributes in defining a new temporal coverage model by R&D sensors, developing a surveillance application for this model, and proposing efficient heuristics to reduce the deployment cost.