Hydrology and hydrochemistry of a deglaciating high-Arctic catchment, Svalbard
Hydrology and hydrochemistry of a deglaciating high-Arctic catchment, Svalbard
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斯瓦尔巴特群岛高北极流域冰川消融的水文学和水化学
DOI：
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.09.001
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Monica Kristensen Solås
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Rutter;A. Hodson;T. Irvine‐Fynn;Monica Kristensen Solås
2007-2008年观察了斯瓦尔巴群岛西部Rieperbreen-Foxfonna流域冰川消退对当代水文和地球化学功能的影响。在2007年期间观察到一个整体的负质量平衡，质量损失是高低于平衡线高度（ELA），但空间斑片状的质量增加，由于叠加的冰和积雪明显高于ELA。从上面的ELA径流几乎完全路由通过低梯度，水力效率低下的冰上流路，饲料陡峭，高效的冰上和冰下/冰下渠道下游。由于与碎屑丰富的环境（冰下和冰前）的相互作用是最小的，过境时间是快速低于ELA，从冰上源径流溶质含量低。此外，还有两个平行的水文路径：从冰川的当代边缘冰碛中出现的融雪泉，以及在整个冰川前区和沿着其北方冰碛侧翼的近期冰碛中的多个浅间歇性溪流。这些额外通道的径流流经由页岩、碳酸盐和砂岩组成的高活性沉积物。它们强烈的化学和物理风化意味着冰碛是集水区大量径流化学中溶质的重要来源。因此，冰川边缘的生态演替很可能取决于冰碛物内水文过程的养分获取，因为流域经历了冰川消融。
The impact of deglaciation on contemporary hydrological and biogeochemical functioning in the Rieperbreen–Foxfonna catchment in western Svalbard was observed in 2007–2008. An overall negative mass balance was observed during 2007; mass loss was high below the equilibrium line altitude (ELA), but spatially patchy mass increases due to superimposed ice and firn were evident above the ELA. Runoff from above the ELA was almost exclusively routed through low gradient, hydraulically inefficient supraglacial flowpaths, which fed steeper, highly efficient supraglacial and englacial/subglacial channels downstream. As interaction with debris-rich environments (subglacial and proglacial) was minimal and transit times were rapid below the ELA, runoff from supraglacial sources had a low solute content. In addition, two further parallel hydrological pathways existed: snowmelt-fed springs emerging from the glacier’s contemporary marginal moraines, and multiple shallow intermittent streams within recent moraines throughout the glacier forefield and along its northern moraine flank. Runoff from these additional pathways flowed through highly reactive sediments composed of shale, carbonate and sandstones. Their intense chemical and physical weathering meant moraines were important sources of solute contribution to the catchment’s bulk runoff chemistry. Ecological succession at the glacier margin is therefore highly likely to be dependent upon nutrient acquisition by hydrological processes within moraines as the catchment undergoes deglaciation.