The global component of freshwater demand and supply: an assessment of virtual water flows between nations as a result of trade in agricultural and industrial products
The global component of freshwater demand and supply: an assessment of virtual water flows between nations as a result of trade in agricultural and industrial products
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DOI：
10.1080/02508060801927812
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Hoekstra, Arjen Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapagain, Ashok K.;Hoekstra, Arjen Y.
在河流流域通常被视为分析淡水可用性和利用的适当单位的地方，这篇论文表明，将淡水问题放在全球背景下考虑变得越来越重要。商品的国际贸易意味着长距离的“虚拟水”流动，虚拟水应被理解为生产一种商品所需的水量。根据国际产品贸易的统计数据和出口国每件产品的虚拟含水量估算了国家之间的虚拟水量。随着贸易日益全球化，全球水的相互依赖性和海外外部性可能会增加。与此同时，贸易自由化创造了增加实际节约用水的机会。
Where the river basin is generally seen as the appropriate unit for analysing freshwater availability and use, this paper shows that it becomes increasingly important to put freshwater issues in a global context. International trade in commodities implies flows of 'virtual water' over large distances, where virtual water should be understood as the volume of water required to produce a commodity. Virtual water flows between nations have been estimated from statistics on international product trade and the virtual water content per product in the exporting country. With increasing globalization of trade, global water interdependencies and overseas externalities are likely to increase. At the same time liberalization of trade creates opportunities to increase physical water savings.