Manufacturing Tolerance Analysis of an MMI-Based 90$^{ \circ}$ Optical Hybrid for InP Integrated Coherent Receivers
Manufacturing Tolerance Analysis of an MMI-Based 90$^{ \circ}$ Optical Hybrid for InP Integrated Coherent Receivers
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用于 InP 集成相干接收器的基于 MMI 的 90$^{ circ}$ 光混合器件的制造公差分析
DOI：
10.1109/jphot.2013.2247994
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
P. Muñoz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Fandiño;P. Muñoz
数值研究了制造公差对用作90°光学混合器的InP4×4MMI性能的影响，包括C和L波段宽度、厚度和折射率的同时变化。对于不同的品质因数，如光学共模抑制比(CMRR)和相位误差，给出了标称和最坏情况下的仿真结果。此外，还进行了系统仿真，以计算不平衡引起的功率损失。我们的结果表明，实际铸造公差对器件性能的综合影响是显著的。特别是，当将光CMRR和相位误差与光互联论坛规范进行比较时，预计标称情况(≃40 nm)和最坏情况(≃10 nm)之间将减少四倍。相比之下，如果允许功率损失小于1分贝(误码率=10-3)，则预计在系统级别(≥40 nm)会有更大的带宽。事实上，在整个C频段内，最坏情况下的功率损失小于0.25分贝，这进一步证明了集成的4×4 MMI作为宽带器件的巨大潜力，可用于大规模生产采用最先进的集成技术的相干接收机。
A numerical study of the impact that manufacturing tolerances have on the performance of an InP 4 × 4 MMI working as a 90° optical hybrid is presented, including simultaneous variations of width, thickness, and refractive index over the C and L bands. Simulation results for different figures of merit, such as optical common-mode rejection ratios (CMRRs) and phase errors, are provided for both nominal and worst case scenarios. Additionally, system simulations are performed to compute imbalance-induced power penalty. Our results indicate that the combined effect of realistic foundry tolerances on device performance is significant. In particular, a fourfold reduction is predicted between nominal (≃40 nm) and worst cases (≃10 nm) when optical CMRRs and phase errors are compared against Optical Internetworking Forum specifications. By contrast, a much greater bandwidth is expected at the system level (≥ 40 nm) if a power penalty of less than 1 dB (@BER = 10-3) is to be allowed. In fact, worst case power penalties lower than 0.25 dB are predicted over the full C band, which further proves the great potential of integrated 4 × 4 MMIs as wide-bandwidth devices for mass production of coherent receivers using state-of-the-art integration technologies.