Assessing key influences on the distribution and life-history of Arctic and boreal Calanus: are online databases up to the challenge?
Assessing key influences on the distribution and life-history of Arctic and boreal Calanus: are online databases up to the challenge?
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2023.908112
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发表时间：
2023-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Freer;G. Tarling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Freer;G. Tarling
尽管甲壳类桡足类对北冰洋和亚北冰洋的健康生态系统功能很重要，但其生物地理的许多方面，特别是在冬季的几个月，仍然没有解决。与此同时，将物种分布记录数字化的在线数据库作为一种在宏观尺度上调查生态模式的工具越来越受欢迎。这类数据库对Calanus研究的价值需要调查--Calanus采样的悠久历史为这类数据库带来了希望，而高纬度的条件可能会通过空间和时间偏差施加限制。我们整理了来自海洋生物多样性信息系统(OBIS)和全球生物多样性信息设施(GBIF)的三个Calanus物种(C.finmarchicus、C.glacialis和C.Hyperboreus)的记录，提供了跨越150年的230,000多个独特记录和100多个个体数据集。经过质量控制和清理后，研究了事件的纬度和垂直分布，以及信息元数据字段的完整性。在春季和夏季，水蚤的采样在时间和空间上都偏向于表层(<；10m)。只有3.5%的记录具有≥400米的平均采集深度，其中大约一半是在对滞育很重要的月份。略高于40%的记录缺乏有关抽样方案的相关信息，而11%的记录缺乏生命阶段信息。OBIS数据包含最大和最小收集深度的字段，因此被分成离散的“浅夏”和“深冬”生命周期阶段，并与海冰和温度条件相匹配。北纬66°以北的OBIS记录中有23%位于季节性海冰存在的地区，并且在夏季浅水期出现了特定物种的最佳温度。在深冬季节，金龟子和金龟子的采集深度有显著差异。总体而言，在线数据库包含大量Calanus记录，但当它们被用于调查生物地理模式时，应该承认抽样偏差。我们主张努力将更多的数据源整合到在线门户中。现有的或未来的收集需要填补的具体差距是：(1)扩大春夏月份抽样的空间范围；(2)增加冬季的抽样频率，特别是在400米以下的深度；(3)改进元数据报告的质量、数量和一致性。
Despite the importance of calanoid copepods to healthy ecosystem functioning of the Arctic Ocean and Subarctic Seas, many aspects of their biogeography, particularly in winter months, remain unresolved. At the same time, online databases that digitize species distribution records are growing in popularity as a tool to investigate ecological patterns at macro scales. The value of such databases for Calanus research requires investigation - the long history of Calanus sampling holds promise for such databases, while conditions at high latitudes may impose limits through spatial and temporal biases. We collated records of three Calanus species (C. finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and C. hyperboreus) from the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) providing over 230,000 unique records spanning 150 years and over 100 individual datasets. After quality control and cleaning, the latitudinal and vertical distribution of occurrences were explored, as well as the completeness of informative metadata fields. Calanus sampling was found to be temporally and spatially biased towards surfacemost layers (<10m) in spring and summer. Only 3.5% of records had an average collection depth ≥400m, approximately half of these in months important for diapause. Just over 40% of records lacked associated information on sampling protocol while 11% of records lacked life-stage information. OBIS data contained fields for maximum and minimum collection depth and so were subset into discrete “shallow summer” and “deep winter” life cycle phases and matched to sea-ice and temperature conditions. 23% of OBIS records north of 66° latitude were located in regions of seasonal sea-ice presence and occurrences show species-specific thermal optima during the shallow summer period. The collection depth of C. finmarchicus was significantly different to C. hyperboreus during the deep winter. Overall, online databases contain a vast number of Calanus records but sampling biases should be acknowledged when they are used to investigate patterns of biogeography. We advocate efforts to integrate additional data sources within online portals. Particular gaps to be filled by existing or future collections are (i) widening the spatial extent of sampling during spring/summer months, (ii) increasing the frequency of sampling during winter, particularly at depths below 400m, and (iii) improving the quality, quantity and consistency of metadata reporting.