Variation and context of yawns in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Variation and context of yawns in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
复制标题
圈养黑猩猩（黑猩猩）哈欠的变化和背景
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
A. Paukner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Vick;A. Paukner
灵长类动物的哈欠通常根据环境进行分类（例如，作为威胁，焦虑或休息哈欠），但很少考虑这些哈欠是否最好被视为一个单一的行为，只是在观察到的环境中有所不同。这项研究调查了一组11只圈养黑猩猩打哈欠的背景和精确形态。焦点视频采样被用来描述的形态和强度的124打哈欠，使用ChimpFACS，一个系统，用于编码面部运动。两种不同形式的哈欠被确定，一个完整的哈欠和一个哈欠，这是修改额外的行动，减少嘴的开口。这些改变的哈欠可能表明黑猩猩对面部运动有一定程度的自主控制，因此，根据上下文，哈欠具有多种功能。为了评估情境效应，在每次打哈欠前后一分钟比较平均活动水平（休息、运动和梳理）和抓挠率。两种类型的哈欠后运动都显著增加，而刮擦率在改良哈欠后显著增加，但在完全哈欠后下降。就个体差异而言，男性打哈欠的次数并不比女性多，尽管男性打哈欠的强度更高，无论是在张口的程度还是在相关的头部运动量上。这些数据表明，在黑猩猩中，打哈欠与活动水平的变化有关，但只有经过调整的打哈欠可能与增强的唤醒有关。因此，不同类型的哈欠可以在形态学水平以及上下文水平上进行区分。Am. J. Primatol. 72：262-269，2010.© 2009 Wiley‐利斯公司
Primate yawns are usually categorized according to context (e.g. as a threat, anxious, or rest yawn), but there has been little consideration of whether these yawns are best regarded as a unitary behavior that only differs with respect to the context in which it is observed. This study examined the context and precise morphology of yawns in a group of 11 captive chimpanzees. Focal video sampling was used to describe the morphology and intensity of 124 yawns using ChimpFACS, a system for coding facial movements. Two distinct forms of yawn were identified, a full yawn and a yawn which is modified by additional actions that reduce the mouth aperture. These modified yawns may indicate some degree of voluntary control over facial movement in chimpanzees and, consequently, multiple functions of yawning according to context. To assess context effects, mean activity levels (resting, locomotion, and grooming) and scratching rates were compared one minute before and after each yawn. Locomotion was significantly increased following both types of yawn, whereas scratching rates significantly increased following modified yawns but decreased following full yawns. In terms of individual differences, males did not yawn more than females, although male yawns were of higher intensity, both in the degree of mouth opening and in the amount of associated head movement. These data indicate that yawning is associated with a change in activity levels in chimpanzees, but only modified yawns may be related to increased arousal. Different types of yawn can therefore be differentiated at the morphological level as well as context level. Am. J. Primatol. 72:262–269, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.