DEUTERIUM QUADRUPOLE-ECHO NMR-SPECTROSCOPY .3. PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF LINESHAPE CALCULATIONS FOR MULTIAXIS ROTATIONAL PROCESSES
DEUTERIUM QUADRUPOLE-ECHO NMR-SPECTROSCOPY .3. PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF LINESHAPE CALCULATIONS FOR MULTIAXIS ROTATIONAL PROCESSES
复制标题
DOI:
10.1016/0022-2364(87)90177-6
复制
发表时间:
1987-03-01
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
RAIDY, TE
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
GREENFIELD, MS;RONEMUS, AD;RAIDY, TE
Center for Cognitive Studies, Harvard Vniversip, USA culture et pro@ cognitif.-L’artide est consad P la relation entre diffkrences culturelles et progrk cognitif. A ph avoir passt en revue et critiquC les tentatives anterieures d’approche anthropologique et psychologique du problbme, les AA. Ctudient deux foyers de variations culturelles, i savoir I’orientation des valeurs et le langage, dans lew rapport avec le dtveloppement. Une grande partie des faits sur lesquels ils s’ appuient provicnt de recherches expkrimentales sur la conservation de la quantitk et la formation des concepts chez les Wolofs du SCnCgal. 11s discutent, en terminant, de I’interaction des contraintes culturelles qui sont variables et de la maturation biologique qui est universelle.We shall ask, in the pages that follow, what it means, intellectually, to grow up in one cultural milieu and not another. It is, of course, a form of the old question of how heredity and environment relate: how, in this case, does intellectual development depend upon external influences; in what respects is it a series of unfolding maturational states? But the question is now in qualitative terms. The older debate on heredity zu environment was without a possible solution. For there is no psychological phenomenon without a biologically given organism nor one that takes place outside an environment. But we can, nevertheless, study the intersect in growth of biological background and cultural milieu with the more modest aim of learning what kinds of cultural difference make an intellectual difference, at what points in development and how it comes about in some particular way. It is not a new idea that cultural variation yields variation in modes of thought. It is a persistent theme in anthropology (eg, Boas, 1938; Mead, 1946; Whorf, 195 6). Psychologists have also interested themselves in cultural influences on cognitive development. Alas, however, the methods used have rarely been equal to the task at hand. Anthropology’s most recent and most promising approach, ethnoscience, explores qualitative cognitive variation by exploring the native terminology used for a particular objectively definable domain such as plants or disease or kinship (Sturtevant, 1964). Ethnoscience is limited as a