The carrot or the stick? Drivers of California farmer support for varying groundwater management policies
The carrot or the stick? Drivers of California farmer support for varying groundwater management policies
复制标题
胡萝卜还是大棒？
DOI：
10.1088/2515-7620/ab1778
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Courtney R. Hammond Wagner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Niles;Courtney R. Hammond Wagner
对地下水的需求日益增加，加上预计地下水供应将受到威胁和影响，因此人们更加重视地下水管理的政策选择。在全球范围内，农业是人类用水最多的领域，这使得农民成为政策参与的关键利益攸关方。在加州，《可持续地下水管理法》（SGMA）是一项综合地下水政策，于2014年签署成为法律。在这里，我们通过对加州约洛县农民（n = 137）的邮件调查，探讨了农民对地下水可用性和地下水管理政策偏好的看法。总体而言，农民对SGMA下考虑的五种适用的“不良结果”表示广泛关注，大多数农民认为这些情况现在正在发生或可能在未来十年内发生。大多数农民支持个人或基于奖励的政策选择，以解决地下水问题（如自愿采用水管理做法）。然而，相当多的农民也支持基于监管的政策选择（如暂停钻新威尔斯）。多元回归模型表明，对于这两种政策，个人支持SGMA积极预测地下水管理政策的支持。然而，对于以监管为基础的政策，主观规范-农民认为大多数其他农民支持SGMA-也是监管政策方法的重要预测因素，沿着其他一些因素。这些结果表明，SGMA实施的监管方法是必要的，培养农民的主观规范可能是一个重要的机制，以实现农民的支持。
Growing demand for groundwater, coupled with the projected threats to groundwater supplies and impacts, has led to an increased focus on policy options for groundwater management. Globally, agriculture is the largest human-use of water, making farmers a critical stakeholder for policy engagement. In California, the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), a comprehensive groundwater policy, was signed into law in 2014. Here we explore farmer perspectives of groundwater availability and groundwater management policy preferences through a mail survey of farmers (n = 137) in Yolo County, California, implemented in 2017. Overall, farmers expressed widespread concern for the five applicable ‘undesirable results’ considered under SGMA and the majority of farmers felt that these conditions were either occurring now or were likely to occur in the next ten years. The majority of farmers were supportive of individual or incentive-based policy options to address groundwater concerns (e.g. voluntary adoption of water management practices). However, a sizable group of farmers were also supportive of regulatory-based policy options (e.g. moratorium on drilling new wells). Multivariate regression models suggest that for both kinds of policies, individual support for SGMA positively predicts groundwater management policy support. However, for regulatory-based policies, subjective norms - a farmers’ belief that the majority of other farmers support SGMA—is also an important predictor of regulatory policy approaches along with a number of other factors. These results suggest that, should regulatory approaches for SGMA implementation be necessary, fostering subjective norms among farmers may be an important mechanism to achieving farmer support.