Addressing COVID-19 Health Disparities & Latinidad.
Addressing COVID-19 Health Disparities & Latinidad.
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DOI：
10.1080/15265161.2020.1871115
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
13.4
通讯作者：
Martinez-Martin, Nicole
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Martinez-Martin, Nicole
2020年11月之后。S.在2008年美国总统大选中，许多政治分析人士对拉丁裔社区的投票模式感到惊愕和惊讶。一些分析人士指出，“拉丁人”被认为是一个对了解和参与这些社区的政治作用有限的类别。迈阿密的古巴裔美国选民与内华达州的墨西哥裔美国人等有几个人口统计学差异。新冠肺炎对黑人、拉丁裔和美洲原住民社区的破坏性影响使人们关注健康差距。近几个月来，人们重新关注解决美国卫生不平等根源的结构性种族主义的方法，包括关注在医学研究和临床护理中如何使用和讨论种族分类。Boyd等例如，《2020年世界卫生组织报告》为研究人员和出版物提出了建议，说明如何在不强化过时的种族生物学概念的情况下讨论种族主义作为卫生不平等的驱动因素。使用“拉丁裔”（或“拉丁美洲人/a”或“西班牙裔”等相关术语）指拉丁美洲血统或血统的人，也需要仔细审查。墨西哥裔美国人，波多黎各人，古巴裔美国人，仅举几个拉丁裔亚群，包括一系列语言和文化，移民，教育程度或公民身份问题的差异，以及影响健康问题的其他人口变量，以及社区参与，因此与解决这些社区的健康差距有关。“拉丁裔”通常被描述为不是一个种族类别，而是一个民族。例如，联邦人口分类将“拉丁裔”（或“西班牙裔”）作为一个种族类别，而不是种族。然而，“拉丁人”不是一个种族的说法可以通过与作为文化或民族起源问题的“种族”形成对比来加强“种族”作为生物学的概念。像种族一样，“拉丁裔”（或拉丁裔或西班牙裔）是一种社会结构，由于历史和社会背景的原因而适用于人口。在2010年U。S.在人口普查中，几乎40%的拉丁裔受访者选择检查“其他种族”，而不是白色，黑人，亚洲人或美洲原住民的种族选项。在这些受访者中，近80%的人以拉丁裔、西班牙裔或墨西哥裔美国人作为他们的种族归属（帕克等人，2015）。拉丁美洲国家包括不同祖先背景的人-土著人民，祖先包括欧洲，亚洲和/或非洲的人，以及与美国种族类别不一致的祖先遗产概念。三分之一的美国拉丁美洲人认为自己是混血儿或其他混血儿（Gonzalez-Berrera 2014）。另一方面，“Latinidad”（即拉丁人）的概念也受到学者和活动家的批评，因为它被用来最小化和消除那些认为是土著，混血儿或混血儿，非洲人或亚洲人的拉丁美洲血统（Salazar 2019）。在医学研究中使用“拉丁裔”一词是可以理解的，因为人们更喜欢识别自己的术语的可变性。“拉丁裔”在某些目的上可能是一个有用的概念，例如社会动员，但这一类别也可能掩盖对有效理解和接触特定社区可能有意义的区别（艾伦等人，2011年）。有显着的差异，拉丁亚组，可以相关的健康研究。还有一个潜在的紧张局势，为健康研究人员进行谈判，以更好地了解和衡量相关因素...
After the November 2020U. S. presidential election, many political analysts looked at the voting patterns of Latinx communities with consternation and surprise. Some analysts noted that “Latinx” had been revealed as a category of limited utility for understanding and engaging those communities politically. Miami Cuban American voters have several demographic differences from Nevada Mexican Americans and so forth. The devastating impact of Covid-19 on Black, Latinx and Native American communities has placed a spotlight on health disparities. In recent months, there have been renewed focus on approaches to addressing the structural racism that is at the root of health inequities in the USA, including attention to how racial categorizations are used and discussed in medical research and clinical care. Boyd et al.(2020), for example, set out recommendations for researchers and publications on how to discuss racism as a driver of health inequities without reinforcing outdated biological concepts of race. The use of the term “Latinx”(or related terms such as “Latino/a” or “Hispanic”), referring to people of Latin American origin or descent, also requires scrutiny. Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans, to name just a few of the Latinx subgroups, include a range of languages and cultures, differences in immigration, educational attainment, or citizenship issues, as well as other demographic variables that impact health issues, as well as community engagement, and are therefore relevant to addressing health disparities in these communities.“Latinx” is commonly described as not being a racial category, but rather an ethnicity. Federal demographic categories, for example, place “Latino”(or “Hispanic”) as an ethnic category separate than race. However, statements that “Latinx” is not a race can serve to reinforce the idea of “race” as being biological, by setting up a contrast to “ethnicity” as a matter of culture or national origin, Moreover,“Latinx” is a category that has been racialized. Like race,“Latinx”(or Latino or Hispanic for that matter) is a social construct, applied to a population for reasons embedded in historical and social context. In the 2010U. S. Census, almost 40% of Latinx respondents chose to check “some other race” rather than the racial options of White, Black, Asian, or Native American. Of those same respondents, close to 80% wrote in Latino, Hispanic, or Mexican American as their racial affiliation (Parker et al. 2015). Latin American countries include people of different ancestral backgrounds—indigenous peoples, people whose ancestry includes Europe, Asia, and/or Africa, as well as concepts of ancestral heritage that are not consistent with US racial categories. One-third of US Latinos identify as mestizo or other mixed-race labels (Gonzalez-Berrera 2014). The concept of “Latinidad”(being Latinx) has, on the other hand, also been criticized by scholars and activists for being used to minimize and erase those of Latin American ancestry who identify as indigenous, mestizo or mixed race, African, or Asian (Salazar 2019). Use of the term “Latinx” in medical research is understandably complicated by the variability in the terminology that people prefer to identify themselves.“Latinx” can be a useful construct for some purposes, such as social mobilization, but the category can also obscure distinctions that may be meaningful for effectively understanding and reaching out to specific communities (Allen et al. 2011). There are significant differences in the Latinx subgroups that can be relevant to health research. There is also an underlying tension for health researchers to negotiate—in order to better understand and measure factors relevant to …
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Allen, Vincent C., Jr.;Lachance, Christina;Kaphingst, Kimberly A.
通讯作者：
Kaphingst, Kimberly A.
影响因子：
13.4
作者：
Sabatello, Maya;Jackson Scroggins, Mary;Goto, Greta;Santiago, Alicia;McCormick, Alma;Morris, Kimberly Jacoby;Daulton, Christina R.;Easter, Carla L.;Darien, Gwen
通讯作者：
Darien, Gwen
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Strully, Kate;Yang, Tse-Chuan;Liu, Han
通讯作者：
Liu, Han