AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND CYTOGENETIC EVALUATION OF NEWLY DEVELOPED AUTOTETRAPLOID RICE LINE
AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND CYTOGENETIC EVALUATION OF NEWLY DEVELOPED AUTOTETRAPLOID RICE LINE
复制标题
新培育同源四倍体水稻品系农艺性状及细胞遗传学评价
DOI：
10.21162/pakjas/16.3143
复制
发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Liu, Xiangdong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo, Haibin;Shahid, Muhammad Qasim;Liu, Xiangdong
水稻是我国乃至世界上最重要的粮食作物之一，由于其基因组小，是禾本科模式生物。水稻产量关系到我国乃至世界的粮食安全。因此，如何提高水稻的产量和抗病性已引起育种工作者的重视。提高水稻产量的育种方法的一个重要方面是在二倍体水平上利用杂种优势。水稻杂种优势的利用，使水稻产量显著提高，人民生活水平显著提高。然而，随着气候变暖、环境恶化和病虫害危害的增加，水稻育种面临着生产力停滞不前、抗性水平没有明显提高等挑战。同源四倍体水稻的育种似乎是一种值得探索的方法，因为它具有巨大的特性（Cai et al.，2001; Shahid等人，2011年和2013年a）。同源四倍体水稻是通过秋水仙素处理染色体加倍而获得的新种质。同源四倍体水稻显示出比二倍体水稻更高的遗传变异、在不同环境中更大的稳定性、抗倒伏性、更高的杂种优势、更大的粒长和粒宽以及抗病虫害（Song和Zhang，1992; Luan等人，2008; Tu等人，2007; Shahid等人，2011，2012; Wu等人，2013年）。然而，低结实是同源四倍体水稻育种中的主要障碍（He et al.，2011 a; Shahid等人，2013年a）。同源四倍体水稻结实率低的原因很多，如花粉和胚囊败育（Huang et al.，1999; Zhang等人，2003; Guo等人，2006; Hu等人，2010; Shahid等人，2010）、异常染色体行为和微管分布模式以及差异表达的基因和miRNA（He et al.，2011 a，B; Wu et al.，2014，2015; Li等人，2016年）。籼粳同源四倍体杂交水稻表现出很强的产量潜力，这将为水稻育种提供一条新的途径（Shahid et al.，2012年）。但由于同源四倍体杂交水稻育性差或结实率低，限制了其在产量上的优势。为了克服这一难题，经过20多年的不懈努力，我们通过染色体加倍培育出了一大批结实率不同的同源四倍体水稻品系。本实验室从2007年开始选育了一批高育性同源四倍体水稻新品系。因此，本研究拟对同源四倍体高育水稻新品系的细胞遗传学和农艺性状进行研究，并利用nPak法观察其杂种优势。J. Agri.科学，Vol. 53（2），291-301; 2016 ISSN（Print）0552-9034，ISSN（Online）2076-0906 DOI：10.21162/PAKJAS/16.3143 http://www.pakjas.com.pk
Rice is one of the most important crops in China and whole world, which is the model cereal organism because of its small genome. The yield of rice is related to the food security of China and world. So, how to improve the yield and resistance of rice have attracted the attention of breeders. One of the most important aspects of breeding methods to raise rice production is the utilization of the heterosis at the diploid level. The rice yield has been obviously increased by the use of the heterosis, which improve living standards of the people. However, as the climate warms up, the environment worsens and the damage of the diseases and pests increases, the methods of rice breeding are now facing challenges such as: the productivity of rice has been stagnant and the resistance level is not increased significantly. The breeding of autotetraploid rice seems to be an approach worth exploring, because of its gigantic characteristics (Cai et al., 2001; Shahid et al., 2011 and 2013a). Autotetraploid rice is a new germplasm which is obtained by chromosome doubling through colchicine treatment. Autotetraploid rice showed higher genetic variation, greater stability across varying environments, resistant to lodging, higher hybrid vigor, greater grain length and width and resistant to insect pest and diseases than diploid rice (Song and Zhang, 1992; Luan et al., 2008; Tu et al., 2007; Shahid et al., 2011, 2012; Wu et al., 2013). However, Low seed set is the major barrier in autotetraploid rice breeding (He et al., 2011a; Shahid et al., 2013a). There are many reasons for low seed setting of autotetraploid rice, such as pollen and embryo sac abortion (Huang et al., 1999; Zhang et al., 2003; Guo et al., 2006; Hu et al., 2010; Shahid et al., 2010), abnormal chromosome behavior and microtubule distribution pattern, and differentially expressed genes and miRNAs (He et al, 2011a,b; Wu et al., 2014, 2015; Li et al., 2016). Indicajaponica autotetraploid rice hybrids have shown strong yield potential, which would provide a new way to the rice breeding (Shahid et al., 2012). But the poor fertility or low seed set is the inherent problem which has limited the yield advantages of autotetraploid hybrid rice breeding. In order to overcome this problem, through continuous hard work for 20 years, we have developed a large number of autotetraploid rice lines after chromosome doubling with varying seed set. Some new autotetraploid rice lines with high fertility were developed in our lab from 2007. Therefore, the present study was planned to 1) investigate the cytogenetic and agronomic characteristics of newly developed high fertility autotetraploid rice line, 2) and to observe the hybrid vigor by nPak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 53(2), 291-301; 2016 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/16.3143 http://www.pakjas.com.pk