Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia: Limbic aspects
Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia: Limbic aspects
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neurol.2012.06.015
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Yelnik, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buot, A.;Yelnik, J.
导论. - 基底神经节（BG）参与了控制动作的不同过程，例如控制运动参数，但也参与处理来自环境的认知和情感信息。在这里，我们回顾现有的解剖数据BG和边缘系统之间的相互作用，支持BG在边缘功能的含义。国家的艺术。-BG形成一个系统，是相当不同的边缘系统，但有很强的联系，解剖和功能，后者。已经提出了不同的模型。在平行模型中，来自额叶皮层的五个隔离回路被个性化，并在BG和丘脑的不同区域终止，然后投射回其起源的皮层区域。基于额外皮质投射，提出了另一种模型。它将皮质-纹状体投射细分为三个功能区域：边缘、联想和感觉运动。在第三个螺旋模型中，由最内侧纹状体神经元处理的边缘信息与由最外侧神经元处理的运动信息之间的传播是可能的。- BG系统和边缘系统之间的相互作用被认为是三个主要层次。(1)BC接收来自与边缘系统相关的几个结构的直接传入。边缘皮质区投射到纹状体，纹状体的内部结构特别复杂，具有显著的跨物种差异：主要在灵长类动物中描述的隔室纹状体/基质细分，以及啮齿动物中更明显的髓核的核/壳地形细分。(2)来自杏仁核的投射在丘脑核和腹侧尾状核中形成斑片状的背腹向渐进梯度。(3)壳和纹状体都接收来自皮质和皮质下边缘结构的边缘信息，并投射到黑质的多巴胺能神经元，这反过来又调节它们的活性。(4)BC的腹侧部分、杏仁核和腹侧苍白球与边缘系统的腹侧皮质下结构、延伸杏仁核和基底核之间存在明显的重叠。- 边缘系统和BC系统之间存在重要的相互作用，但问题仍然存在，这个信息在这个系统的功能组织中发挥的作用。边缘系统的信息在大脑皮层中是单独处理的，还是整合到运动和认知信息中？诸如强迫症或抽动秽语综合征的病理状况是否是由BG的异常传入边缘系统输入或BC内的异常处理引起的？(C)2012年Elsevier Masson SAS。All rights reserved.
Introduction. - The basal ganglia (BG) have been implicated in different processes that control action such as the control of movement parameters but also in processing cognitive and emotional information from the environment. Here, we review existing anatomical data on the interaction between the BG and the limbic system that support implication of the BG in limbic functions.State of the art. - The BG form a system that is fairly different from the limbic system, but have strong ties, both anatomical and functional, to the latter. Different models have been proposed. In the parallel model, five segregated circuits from the frontal cortex are individualized and terminate in different regions of the BG and thalamus, before projecting back to their cortical area of origin. Based on the extrafrontal cortical projections, another model has been proposed. It subdivides the cortico-striatal projection into three functional territories: limbic, associative and sensorimotor. In a third spiral model, propagation is possible between limbic information processed by the most medial striatal neurons to motor information processed by the most lateral neurons.Perspectives. - Three main levels of interaction between the BG system and the limbic system are considered. (1) The BC receive direct afferences from several structures associated with the limbic system. Limbic cortical areas project to the striatum, of which the internal architecture is particularly complex, with significant cross-species differences: a compartmental striosome/matrix subdivision described mainly in primates, and a core/shell topographic subdivision of the nucleus accumbens more sharply marked in rodents. (2) Projections from the amygdala form a patchy dorso-ventral progressive gradient in the nucleus accumbens and ventral caudate. (3) Both shell and striosomes receive limbic information from cortical and subcortical limbic structures and project to the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, which in turn modulates their activity. (4) There is a significant overlap between the ventral portions of the BC, nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum, and the ventral subcortical structures of the limbic system, extended amygdala and nucleus basalis.Conclusion. - Important interactions exist between the limbic system and the BC system but questions remain about the role that this information plays in the functional organisation of this system. Is limbic information processed separately in the BC, or is it integrated to motor and cognitive information? Do pathological conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorders or Tourette syndrome result from abnormal afferent limbic input to the BG or abnormal processing within the BC? (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.