The humerus of Ossinodus pueri, a stem tetrapod from the Carboniferous of Gondwana, and the early evolution of the tetrapod forelimb
The humerus of Ossinodus pueri, a stem tetrapod from the Carboniferous of Gondwana, and the early evolution of the tetrapod forelimb
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DOI：
10.1080/03115518.2014.861320
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发表时间：
2014-04-03
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Bishop, Peter J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bishop, Peter J.
石炭纪干四足动物的肱骨是在最近发现的标本的基础上描述的。它独特的保存记录了大量的、直接的肌肉附着的证据，非常详细。骨头表面覆盖着数百个细小的、细长的、不对称的凹坑，这些凹坑被解释为单个肌束的附着疤痕。重新检查和进一步制备其他先前描述过的胸附骨，表明它们也记录了肌肉附着的直接证据。在肱骨和其他骨骼上的疤痕和推断的肌肉附着的模式进行了描述和讨论。反过来，通过与现存的原始四足动物的比较，这种动物的胸肌骨骼系统能够被详细地重建。除了为早期四足动物运动能力的生物力学分析提供解剖学基础外，这也为四足动物前肢的早期进化提供了新的视角。重要的是，现存的大部分四足动物的胸肌组织在冠类动物出现之前就已经出现了，其中大部分都存在于原始的茎类四足动物中，比如Ossinodus。
The humerus of the Carboniferous stem tetrapod Ossinodus pueri is described on the basis of a recently discovered specimen. Its exceptional preservation records abundant, direct evidence of muscle attachment in remarkable detail. The surface of the bone is covered with hundreds of fine, elongate, asymmetrical pits, which are interpreted as the attachment scars of individual muscle fascicles. Re-examination and further preparation of other, previously described pectoral appendicular elements of Ossinodus reveals that they too record direct evidence of muscle attachment. The patterns of scarring and inferred muscle attachment on the humerus and other bones are described and discussed. In turn, the pectoral musculoskeletal system of this animal is able to be reconstructed in detail, based on comparison to extant primitive tetrapods. In addition to providing an anatomical basis for biomechanical analysis of the locomotor capabilities of early tetrapods, this sheds much new light on the early evolution of the tetrapod forelimb. Importantly, most of the pectoral musculature of extant tetrapods appeared prior to the origin of the crown group, and much of this was present in primitive stem tetrapods such as Ossinodus.