Biomechanical properties of endothelial glycocalyx: An imperfect pendulum.
Biomechanical properties of endothelial glycocalyx: An imperfect pendulum.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100087
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Goligorsky MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jiang XZ;Goligorsky MS
这篇综述试图将细胞生物学的发现与机械工程相融合，以产生一个全面的内皮糖萼生物物理模型。糖萼和皮质肌动蛋白网的非周期性振荡运动是我们预测两个功能起搏器及其参与由外向内信号传导的基础，这是机械转导的基础，也是由内向外信号传导的抑制作用的基础。提出了糖萼、质膜和皮层肌动蛋白网是一个结构-功能单元的观点，提出了张拉整体模型的概念。我们最近的数据表明，红细胞在完整的糖萼表面滑动或盘旋和旋转，而旋转和盘旋组件的通道沿着毛细血管丢失时，糖萼降解。内皮糖萼在健康和疾病的血流动力学中起着至关重要的作用，但对其研究遇到了多种技术障碍。我们试图概述我们对内皮糖萼的一些生物力学特性的看法，这些特性可能适合于数学建模。我们从零假设开始，将糖萼的性质归因于钟摆，并基于钟摆行为的多个障碍拒绝了这一假设，例如具有灵活的带负电荷的侧链的丰富装饰，可变的长度和密度，质膜的流体固定。接下来，我们分析目前的观点膜附件的皮质肌动蛋白网络，其脉动收缩-松弛周期反弹的张力变化的质膜。在此基础上，我们考虑了由外向内的信号传导，机械转导的基础，以及由内而外的信号传导的抑制作用。糖萼和皮层肌动蛋白网的非周期性振荡运动是我们预测两个功能性起搏器的基础。接下来，我们提出了一个想法，糖萼，质膜和皮层肌动蛋白网络代表一个结构功能单元，并提出了张拉整体模型的概念。最后，我们提出了我们最近的数据表明，红细胞滑行或盘旋和旋转的表面完整的糖萼，而旋转和盘旋组件的通道沿着毛细血管丢失时，糖萼的任何一个被降解。这些对内皮糖萼运动机制的见解可能在生物力学、生理学和病理生理学之间的交叉研究中具有价值，以更深入地了解其在疾病的健康和药物治疗中丰富的未开发资源。
This review seeks to fuse the discoveries in cell biology with mechanical engineering to produce a comprehensive biophysical model of endothelial glycocalyx. The aperiodic oscillatory motions of glycocalyx and cortical actin web underlie our prediction of two functional pacemakers and their participation in the outside-in signaling, the basis for mechanotransduction, and the dampening action of the inside-out signaling. Advancing an idea that the glycocalyx, plasma membrane, and cortical actin web represent a structure-functional unit and proposing the concept of tensegrity model. Presentation of our recent data suggesting that erythrocytes are gliding or havering and rotating over the surface of intact glycocalyx, whereas the rotational and hovering components of their passage along the capillaries are lost when glycocalyx of either is degraded. Endothelial glycocalyx plays a crucial role in hemodynamics in health and disease, yet studying it is met by multiple technical hindrances. We attempted to outline our views on some biomechanical properties of endothelial glycocalyx, which are potentially amenable to mathematical modeling. We start with the null-hypothesis ascribing to glycocalyx the properties of a pendulum and reject this hypothesis on the grounds of multiple obstacles for pendulum behavior, such as rich decoration with flexible negatively charged side-chains, variable length and density, fluid fixation to the plasma membrane. We next analyze the current views on membrane attachments to the cortical actin web, its pulsatile contraction-relaxation cycles which rebound to the changes in tension of the plasma membrane. Based on this, we consider the outside-in signaling, the basis for mechanotransduction, and the dampening action of the inside-out signaling. The aperiodic oscillatory motions of glycocalyx and cortical actin web underlie our prediction of two functional pacemakers. We next advance an idea that the glycocalyx, plasma membrane, and cortical actin web represent a structure-functional unit and propose the concept of tensegrity model. Finally, we present our recent data suggesting that erythrocytes are gliding or hovering and rotating over the surface of intact glycocalyx, whereas the rotational and hovering components of their passage along the capillaries are lost when glycocalyx of either is degraded. These insights into the mechanics of endothelial glycocalyx motions may be of value in crosspollination between biomechanics, physiology, and pathophysiology for deeper appreciation of its rich untapped resources in health and pharmacotherapy in disease.