Primary succession of Hawaiian montane rain forest on a chronosequence of eight lava flows
Primary succession of Hawaiian montane rain forest on a chronosequence of eight lava flows
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夏威夷山地雨林按八次熔岩流时间顺序的初次演替
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Vitousek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Kitayama;D. Mueller‐Dombois;P. Vitousek
抽象。夏威夷山地雨林的初级演替系列推断从一个年龄序列的八个密切定位的“a”熔岩流（熟料型熔岩）; 8，50，140，约。300，ca. 400，ca. 1400年，约。3000和CA。9000年前，在夏威夷莫纳罗亚山的迎风坡上。
所有研究地点（各0.2公顷）海拔均为1120 - 1250米。年平均降雨量4000毫米。400年、1400年和9000年的熔岩流有较年轻的火山灰沉积物，而其他的则是纯熔岩。树的大小和叶片营养的比较表明，灰增加氮的可用性，随后站立的生物量。未加权对组聚类分析的样品（流量）使用定量血管物种组成显示，集群与年龄相关，无论基板类型（纯熔岩与灰），和间接排序的样品表明，序列的样品分数沿着轴1是完全相关的年龄序列。虽然火山灰沉积物增加生物量，他们没有影响的顺序演替系列。短柔毛和无毛的Metrosideros polymorpha（桃金娘科）品种在所有≥ 50年和≤ 1400年的流中都占主导地位，但在≥ 3000年的流中，短柔毛品种被无毛品种所取代。下层最初由席子蕨，芒萁占主导地位，长达300年，随后由树蕨，狗脊属，到9000年。3000年后，金狗属的覆盖率略有下降，而其他原生草本和灌木物种增加。在传统意义上的“高潮”阶段，显然没有达到所观察到的年龄梯度，因为演替系列不断变化的生物量和物种，这种不同的演替现象可能是独特的夏威夷的植物群自然是贫穷和不和谐的，由于其地理隔离，在大陆上更多样化和和谐的植物群。
Abstract. The primary-successional sere of a Hawaiian montane rain forest was inferred from an age sequence of eight closely located ‘a’ ā flows (clinker type lava); 8, 50, 140, ca. 300, ca. 400, ca. 1400, ca. 3000 and ca. 9000 yr, on a windward slope of Mauna Loa, Hawaii.
All study sites (0.2 ha each) were at 1120 — 1250 m a.s.l. with 4000 mm mean annual rainfall. The 400-yr, 1400-yr, and 9000-yr flows had younger volcanic ash deposits, while the others were pure lava. Comparisons of tree size and foliar nutrients suggested that ash increased the availability of nitrogen, and subsequently standing biomass. An Unweighted Pair Group Cluster Analysis on the samples (flows) using quantitative vascular species composition revealed that clusters were correlated with age regardless of the substrate types (pure lava vs. ash), and an indirect ordination on the samples suggested that the sequence of sample scores along axis 1 was perfectly correlated with the age sequence. Although ash deposits increased biomass, they did not affect the sequence of the successional sere. Both pubescent and glabrous varieties of Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) dominated upper canopy layers on all flows ≥ 50 yr and ≤ 1400 yr, but the pubescent variety was replaced by the glabrous on the flows ≥ 3000 yr. Lower layers were dominated initially by a matted fern, Dicranopteris linearis, up to 300 yr, and subsequently by tree ferns, Cibotium spp., to 9000 yr. The cover of Cibotium declined slightly after 3000 yr, while other native herb and shrub species increased. A ‘climax’ stage in the conventional sense was apparently not reached on the observed age gradient, because the sere changed continuously in biomass and species; this divergent successional phenomenon may be unique to Hawaii where the flora is naturally impoverished and disharmonic due to its geographic isolation in contrast to more diverse and harmonic floras in continents.