Individual Differences in Preschool Children: Temperament or Personality?
Individual Differences in Preschool Children: Temperament or Personality?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/icd.663
复制
发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
McCord, David M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grist, Cathy L.;McCord, David M.
成年人之间的个体差异通常被概念化的人格理论和特质。相比之下，幼儿（从出生到上幼儿园）的个体差异通常被概念化为气质理论和特质。本研究比较和对比的气质和个性的学龄前儿童样本的措施。气质特质进行了评估与完善的措施（罗斯巴特CBQ），和一个新的学前评级工具，以评估人格特质的五因素框架（M5-PS）。事实上，这项研究的一个关键目的是进一步发展M5-PS。收集了122名学前儿童的数据，这些儿童由他们的教师进行了评估。气质特质中的冲动性与人格特质中的外倾性、负性情感与人格特质中的神经质、努力控制与人格特质中的责任感之间存在显著相关。相关数据的总体模式表明，学龄前儿童的个体差异可以充分描述使用五因素理论，这一框架可以有效地颠覆传统的气质理论。为M5-PS的信度和效度提供了初步的支持。版权所有（C）2010约翰威利父子有限公司
Individual differences among adults have generally been conceptualized in terms of personality theory and traits. In contrast, individual differences among very young children (birth to kindergarten) have generally been conceptualized in terms of temperament theory and traits. The present study compares and contrasts measures of temperament and personality in a sample of preschool children. Temperament traits were assessed with a well-established measure (the Rothbart CBQ), and a new preschool rating instrument was used to assess personality traits from the five-factor framework (M5-PS). Indeed, a key purpose of this study was to further the development of the M5-PS. Data were gathered on 122 preschool children who were rated by their teachers. Significant correlations were found between the temperament trait Surgency and the personality trait Extraversion, between the temperament trait Negative Affect and the personality trait Neuroticism, and between the temperament trait Effortful Control and the personality trait Conscientiousness. The overall pattern of correlational data suggests that individual differences in preschool children can be adequately described using the five-factor theory, and that this framework may effectively subsume traditional theories of temperament. Preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the M5-PS is offered. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.