Longitudinal Changes in Adolescent Risk-Taking: A Comprehensive Study of Neural Responses to Rewards, Pubertal Development, and Risk-Taking Behavior
Longitudinal Changes in Adolescent Risk-Taking: A Comprehensive Study of Neural Responses to Rewards, Pubertal Development, and Risk-Taking Behavior
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.4764-14.2015
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发表时间：
2015-05-06
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Crone, Eveline A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Braams, Barbara R.;van Duijvenvoorde, Anna C. K.;Crone, Eveline A.
之前的研究强调青春期是一个冒险行为增加的时期，这被认为是大脑中过度活跃的奖励系统的结果。纵向研究是测试这些大脑行为关系的关键，因为个体斜率对检测变化更敏感。本研究的目的有两个：（1）测试与年龄相关的变化模式（即，线性、二次和三次）的活动，与青春期的变化（自我报告和睾酮水平）、实验室冒险行为和自我报告的冒险倾向有关;（2）测试青春期发育和冒险行为的个体差异是否有助于脑内关键奖励区域的核活动的纵向变化。我们在第一时间点纳入了299名人类参与者，在第二时间点纳入了254名参与者，年龄在8-27岁之间，时间点间隔为2年。在两个时间点收集对奖励的神经反应、青春期发育（自我报告和睾酮水平）、实验室冒险（气球模拟风险任务; BART）和自我报告的冒险倾向（行为抑制系统/行为激活系统问卷）。纵向分析证实了二次年龄模式的核的活动，以奖励（在青春期达到高峰），并发现了同样的二次模式的实验室冒险（BART）。延髓核活动变化与睾酮和自我报告的奖励敏感性（BAS驱动）的变化进一步相关。因此，这种纵向分析为青少年的冒险和奖励敏感性提供了新的见解：（1）证实了青春期的丘脑核活动高峰，（2）强调了青春期激素和个体差异在冒险倾向中的关键作用。
Prior studies have highlighted adolescence as a period of increased risk-taking, which is postulated to result from an overactive reward system in the brain. Longitudinal studies are pivotal for testing these brain-behavior relations because individual slopes are more sensitive for detecting change. The aim of the current study was twofold: (1) to test patterns of age-related change (i.e., linear, quadratic, and cubic) in activity in the nucleus accumbens, a key reward region in the brain, in relation to change in puberty (self-report and testosterone levels), laboratory risk-taking and self-reported risk-taking tendency; and (2) to test whether individual differences in pubertal development and risk-taking behavior were contributors to longitudinal change in nucleus accumbens activity. We included 299 human participants at the first time point and 254 participants at the second time point, ranging between ages 8-27 years, time points were separated by a 2 year interval. Neural responses to rewards, pubertal development (self-report and testosterone levels), laboratory risk-taking (balloon analog risk task; BART), and self-reported risk-taking tendency (Behavior Inhibition System/Behavior Activation System questionnaire) were collected at both time points. The longitudinal analyses confirmed the quadratic age pattern for nucleus accumbens activity to rewards (peaking in adolescence), and the same quadratic pattern was found for laboratory risk-taking (BART). Nucleus accumbens activity change was further related to change in testosterone and self-reported reward-sensitivity (BAS Drive). Thus, this longitudinal analysis provides new insight in risk-taking and reward sensitivity in adolescence: (1) confirming an adolescent peak in nucleus accumbens activity, and (2) underlining a critical role for pubertal hormones and individual differences in risk-taking tendency.