The Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Smoking Outcome Expectancies Among US Military Veterans Who Served Since September 11, 2001
The Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Smoking Outcome Expectancies Among US Military Veterans Who Served Since September 11, 2001
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DOI：
10.1002/jts.20634
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Beckham, Jean C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Calhoun, Patrick S.;Levin, Holly F.;Beckham, Jean C.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）与吸烟率增加有关，尽管对这种关系的机制知之甚少。目前的研究调查了有和没有PTSD的吸烟者对吸烟结果的期望。样本包括96名退伍军人（平均年龄34岁），其中包括17%的女性和50%的少数民族。吸烟预期是用吸烟后果量表-成人（Copeland，布兰登，&奎因，1995）来测量的。与以前的工作表明，吸烟者与PTSD吸烟，以减少负面影响，未经调整的分析表明，吸烟者与PTSD（n = 38）有更高的期望，吸烟减少负面影响比吸烟者没有PTSD（d = 0.61）。患有PTSD的吸烟者也增加了与无聊减少（d = 0.48）、刺激（d = 0.61）、吸烟的味觉/感觉运动操纵方面（d = 0.73）和社会促进（d = 0.61）相关的期望。分层线性回归分析的结果表明，PTSD症状的严重程度是唯一与这些期望超越性别和尼古丁依赖的影响。对吸烟后果的更积极的信念可能会增加吸烟者继续吸烟的风险。进一步了解这一群体的吸烟预期可能有助于制定针对这一弱势群体的干预措施。
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased rates of smoking although little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The current study examined expectations about smoking outcomes among smokers with and without PTSD. The sample included 96 veterans (mean age of 34 years) and included 17% women and 50% racial minorities. Smoking expectancies were measured with the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Adult (Copeland, Brandon, & Quinn, 1995). Consistent with previous work suggesting that smokers with PTSD smoke in an effort to reduce negative affect, unadjusted analyses indicated that smokers with PTSD (n = 38) had higher expectations that smoking reduces negative affect than smokers without PTSD (d = 0.61). Smokers with PTSD also had increased expectancies associated with boredom reduction (d = 0.48), stimulation (d = 0.61), taste/sensorimotor manipulation aspects of smoking (d = 0.73), and social facilitation (d = 0.61). Results of hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that PTSD symptom severity was uniquely associated with these expectancies beyond the effects of gender and nicotine dependence. More positive beliefs about the consequences of smoking may increase risk of continued smoking among those with PTSD who smoke. Further understanding of smoking expectancies in this group may help in developing interventions tailored for this vulnerable population.