A novel approach to characterize the variability in mass-Dimension relationships: results from MC3E
A novel approach to characterize the variability in mass-Dimension relationships: results from MC3E
复制标题
一种表征质量-尺寸关系变异性的新方法：MC3E 的结果
DOI：
10.5194/acp-2018-795
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Pengfei Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joseph A. Finlon;G. McFarquhar;S. Nesbitt;R. Rauber;H. Morrison;Wei Wu;Pengfei Zhang
抽象的。质量-尺寸（m-D）关系确定散装微物理特性，如总水含量（TWC）和雷达反射率因子（Z）的颗粒尺寸分布中使用的数值模型和遥感反演。然而，表示m = aD B关系的a和B系数可以根据气象条件、粒子习惯、粒子最大维度的定义、用于获得数据的探测器、用于处理云探测器数据的技术以及其他未知原因而显著变化。因此，考虑a、B系数的范围可能更适用于数值模式和遥感反演。在中纬度大陆对流云实验（MC 3E）期间，由安装在北达科他州引文大学飞机上的二维光学阵列探测器（OAP）收集的微物理数据与来自Nevzorov探测器的TWC数据和地基S波段雷达数据一起使用，以使用最小化chi的技术来确定a和B。由OAP导出的TWC和Z与由TWC探头和雷达直接测量的TWC和Z之间的平方差。在规定公差范围内的所有a和B均视为同样合理的解决方案。在2011年4月25日、5月20日和5月23日事件期间分析的16个近恒温飞行段中，飞机采样层状云的前两天的解的导出表面在较低温度环境下具有较大的a和B范围，对应于飞行段的N（D）、TWC和Z的较小变化。由于风暴的不同区域是在5月23日取样的，N（D）、TWC和Z的变率差异影响了（a，B）相空间中卡方值的分布和规定的容差，与其他日期的飞行行程相比，产生的合理解少了6.7倍。这些研究结果表明，在数值模拟和遥感研究，而不是假设固定值，以及需要进一步探索这些表面如何依赖于冰和混合相云的环境条件的变化，B系数的重要性。
Abstract. Mass-dimension (m-D) relationships determining bulk microphysical properties such as total water content (TWC) and radar reflectivity factor (Z) from particle size distributions are used in both numerical models and remote sensing retrievals. The a and b coefficients representing m = aDb relationships, however, can vary significantly depending on meteorological conditions, particle habits, definition of particle maximum dimension, the probes used to obtain the data, techniques used to process the cloud probe data, and other unknown reasons. Thus, considering a range of a,b coefficients may be more applicable for use in numerical models and remote sensing retrievals. Microphysical data collected by two-dimensional optical array probes (OAPs) installed on the University of North Dakota Citation aircraft during the Mid-latitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) were used in conjunction with TWC data from a Nevzorov probe and ground-based S-band radar data to determine a and b using a technique that minimizes the chi-square difference between TWC and Z derived from the OAPs and that directly measured by a TWC probe and radar. All a and b within a specified tolerance were regarded as equally plausible solutions. Of the 16 near-constant temperature flight legs analyzed during the 25 April, 20 May, and 23 May 2011 events, the derived surfaces of solutions on the first two days where the aircraft sampled stratiform cloud had a larger range in a and b for lower temperature environments that corresponded to less variability in N(D), TWC, and Z for a flight leg. Because different regions of the storm were sampled on 23 May, differences in the variability of N(D), TWC, and Z influenced the distribution of chi-square values in (a,b) phase space and the specified tolerance in a way that yielded 6.7 times fewer plausible solutions compared to the flight legs on the other dates. These findings show the importance of representing the variability in a,b coefficients for numerical modeling and remote sensing studies rather than assuming fixed values, as well as the need to further explore how these surfaces depend on environmental conditions in ice and mixed phase clouds.
开发和评估冰云参数化，以利用现场飞机观测对雷达时刻进行正向建模
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
U. Löhnert;P. Kollias;R. C. Jackson;G. M. McFarquhar
通讯作者：
G. M. McFarquhar