Relational Social Class, Self-Rated Health, and Mortality in the United States.
Relational Social Class, Self-Rated Health, and Mortality in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1177/0020731419886194
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发表时间：
2020-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Prins SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eisenberg-Guyot J;Prins SJ
应用基于财产所有权、权威性和资历/技能的关系阶级理论，我们利用1972-2016年的一般社会调查分析了阶级、自我评估健康(SRH)和死亡率之间的关系。在一个简单的阶级衡量标准中，我们将受访者分为工人阶级、经理阶级、小资产阶级和资本主义阶级。在一个复杂的衡量标准中，我们对工人(技能较低/技能较高)、经理(低/高)和资本家(小/大)进行了细分。接下来，我们估计了阶级结构的趋势。最后，在性别分层后，我们估计了阶级、SRH和死亡率之间的关系，并在敏感性分析中测试了阶级与种族的相互作用。随着时间的推移，阶级结构几乎没有变化，每十年工人占人口的一半以上。关于SRH，简单地说，管理者、小资产阶级和资本家的健康状况比工人好。对于复杂的衡量标准，模式是相似的，尽管熟练工人报告的健康状况好于技能较低的工人、低层管理人员和小资产阶级。关于死亡率，就简单的衡量而言，女性中的不平等很小；在男性中，只有资本家的风险低于工人的风险。就复杂的衡量标准而言，在不同性别中，低技能工人和小资产阶级的风险最高，而熟练工人的风险与经理和资本家的风险相似。最后，我们发现了一些证据，表明阶级和死亡率之间的关系因种族而异，尽管估计并不准确。
Applying a relational class theory based on property ownership, authority, and credentials/skill, we analyzed the relationship between class, self-rated health (SRH), and mortality using the 1972–2016 General Social Survey. In a simple measure of class, we assigned respondents to worker, manager, petty bourgeois, or capitalist classes. In a complex measure, we subdivided workers (less-skilled/more-skilled), managers (low/high), and capitalists (small/large). Next, we estimated trends in class structure. Finally, after gender-stratification, we estimated the relationships between class, SRH, and mortality and, in sensitivity analyses, tested for class-by-race interaction. Class structure changed little over time, with workers constituting over half the population each decade. Concerning SRH, for the simple measure, managers, petty bourgeoisie, and capitalists reported better health than workers. For the complex measure, patterns were similar, although skilled workers reported better health than less-skilled workers, low managers, and petty bourgeoisie. Concerning mortality, for the simple measure, inequities were small among women; among men, only capitalists’ hazard was lower than workers’ hazard. For the complex measure, across genders, the hazards of less-skilled workers and petty bourgeoisie were highest, while skilled workers’ hazard resembled that of managers and capitalists. Finally, we found some evidence that the relationship between class and mortality varied by race, although the estimates were imprecise.
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