Coral recruitment and early benthic community development on several materials used in the construction of artificial reefs and breakwaters
Coral recruitment and early benthic community development on several materials used in the construction of artificial reefs and breakwaters
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jembe.2009.03.009
复制
发表时间：
2009-05-15
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Sale, Peter F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burt, John;Bartholomew, Aaron;Sale, Peter F.
人工珊瑚礁作为减轻人类活动对沿海城市地区影响的一种手段，正日益得到推广。防波堤等海防结构被认为是支持丰富多样海洋生物群落的大型人工礁，在沿海生态和管理中发挥着重要作用。然而，对于用于建造人工珊瑚礁或防波堤的基质材料如何影响形成栖息地的底栖生物的发展，人们的理解有限。为了评估基质对珊瑚繁殖和整体底栖生物群落发展的影响，我们在阿拉伯联合酋长国迪拜的两个防波堤（DDD， PRT）和两个天然珊瑚礁（NR1, NR2）放置了用于建造防波堤和人工珊瑚礁的标准尺寸的瓦片（混凝土，辉长岩，花岗岩和砂岩），以及用于比较目的的陶土，为期一年。使用Kruskal-Wallis方差分析和事后Mann-Whitney u检验来检查珊瑚在不同地点和材料之间的招募差异。珊瑚在DDD（4.9 +/- 0.5）招募最多（100 cm(-2)），而招募较少，其他地点之间没有差异（PRT: 0.1 +/- 0.04, NR1: 0.3 +/- 0.1, NR2: 0.1 +/- 0.03招募100 cm(-2)）。不同材料在DDD的珊瑚招募密度有显著差异，其中辉长岩的招募密度高于混凝土和砂岩；砂岩中的新珊瑚也比赤陶土少。与低珊瑚招募密度相关的变化排除了其他地点材料之间的显著差异。总体底栖生物群落结构的差异更多地是由于场地之间的差异而不是基质材料之间的差异。在SIMPER分析中，不同地点间的群落差异大于不同材料间的群落差异，而ANOSIM分析中只有不同地点间存在显著差异。与NMS排序相关的底栖动物单变量比较也显示不同地点间存在显著差异，但差异不大。总的来说，这些结果表明，在确定早期底栖生物群落结构和珊瑚招募方面，特定地点的招募模式差异比基质材料的差异更重要。然而，在珊瑚密集的地方，这些结果表明，在可行的情况下，辉长岩应该优先使用，而不是混凝土或砂岩，但花岗岩可能是一个合适的选择，因为它是主要的石头。除砂岩外，赤土上的珊瑚吸收与所有材料相当，支持继续使用赤土进行吸收研究。这些结果还表明，使用适合珊瑚繁殖的石头不太可能影响更广泛的底栖生物群落。(C) 2009 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Artificial reefs are increasingly being promoted as a means to mitigate impacts from human activities in coastal urban areas. Coastal defense structures such as breakwaters are becoming recognized as large-scale artificial reefs that support abundant and diverse marine communities and play important roles in coastal ecology and management. However, there is limited understanding of how substrate materials used to construct artificial reefs or breakwaters can influence the development of habitat-forming benthic organisms. To assess the influence of substrata on coral recruitment and overall benthic community development, we deployed standard-size tiles of materials used in the construction of break-waters and artificial reefs (concrete, gabbro, granite, and sandstone), along with terra-cotta for comparative purposes, at two breakwaters (DDD, PRT) and two natural reef sites (NR1, NR2) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, for one year. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA with post-hoc Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to examine differences in coral recruitment among sites and materials. Coral recruitment was highest at the DDD (4.9 +/- 0.5 recruits 100 cm(-2)), while recruitment was low and did not differ among other sites (PRT: 0.1 +/- 0.04, NR1: 0.3 +/- 0.1, NR2: 0.1 +/- 0.03 recruits 100 cm(-2)). There were significant differences in coral recruitment among materials at DDD, where gabbro had higher recruit densities than concrete and sandstone; sandstone also contained less coral recruits than terra-cotta. Variability associated with low coral recruit densities precluded significant differences among materials at other sites. Overall benthic community structure differed more as a result of differences among sites than among substrate materials. Higher community dissimilarity was observed among sites than among material in SIMPER analysis, and significant differences were only observed among sites in ANOSIM. Univariate comparison of the benthos correlated with community differences in NMS ordination also showed significant differences among sites but not material. Overall, these results indicate that site-specific differences in recruitment patterns are more important in determining early benthic community structure and coral recruitment than are differences among substrate material. However, where coral recruitment is high, these results suggest that gabbro should be used preferentially over concrete or sandstone where it is feasible, but that granite may be a suitable alternative where it is the dominant stone. Coral recruitment on terra-cotta was comparable to all materials but sandstone, supporting its continued use in recruitment studies. These results also indicate that using stone amenable to coral recruitment is unlikely to influence the wider benthic community. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.