Spatial correlations of mapped malaria rates with environmental factors in Belize, Central America.
Spatial correlations of mapped malaria rates with environmental factors in Belize, Central America.
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DOI：
10.1186/1476-072x-3-6
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发表时间：
2004-03-22
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Roberts DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hakre S;Masuoka P;Vanzie E;Roberts DR
这项研究的目的是绘制1989年至1999年伯利兹各村庄疟疾发病率的总体图;评估各区域疟疾发病率的季节分布情况;并利用地理信息系统技术，将疟疾发病率与村庄的植被和河流联系起来。156个村庄的疟疾信息来自伯利兹国家疟疾控制方案维护的电子数据库。以1991年人口普查为分母，计算了10年来各村庄每1 000人的疟疾年平均发病率。疟疾发病率与1995年植被图中的植被覆盖和数字数据集中的河流数据相结合。对研究村庄10年期间疟疾发病率的绘图表明存在一种空间模式：伯利兹南部和西部地区的疟疾发病率一直高于北方地区。对10年来疟疾发病率按月份的季节分布进行的检查表明，各区之间和月份之间存在统计学显著差异（p < 0.05）。对伯利兹疟疾发病率和植被的空间分析表明，疟疾发病率高的村庄有更多的阔叶山地森林、农业用地和湿地植被类型（即，平原上因季节性森林大火而导致淹水的灌木林）。对伯利兹疟疾发病率和河流分布情况的统计和空间分析确定，伯利兹西部和南部疟疾发病率高的10个百分位数村庄在村中心两公里范围内有更多的河流，在统计上，靠近河流与村庄之间存在显著相关性（斯皮尔曼γ = -0.23; p < 0.05），尤其是在斯坦克里克区（斯皮尔曼γ = -0.82; p < 0.05）。对10年间疟疾分布情况的研究表明，不同地理区域和不同季节的传播情况各不相同。需要进行更多的研究，以更详细地审查环境和气象因素与疟疾传播之间的关系。此外，安的作用。darlingi在Stann Creek疟疾传播中的作用需要进一步研究，因为在伯利兹的三种主要媒介中，达令吉与河流有着密切的联系。
The purposes of this study were to map overall malaria incidence rates from 1989 through 1999 for villages in Belize; to assess the seasonal distribution of malaria incidence by region; and to correlate malaria incidence rates with vegetation cover and rivers in villages, using geographic information system technology. Malaria information on 156 villages was obtained from an electronic database maintained by the Belize National Malaria Control Program. Average annual malaria incidence rates per 1000 population over 10 years were calculated for villages using the 1991 population census as a denominator. Malaria incidence rates were integrated with vegetation cover from a 1995 vegetation map, and with river data from a digital data set. Mapping malaria incidence over the 10-year period in the study villages indicated the existence of a spatial pattern: the southern and western areas of Belize had consistently higher rates of malaria than northern areas. Examination of the seasonal distribution of malaria incidence by month over 10 years indicated that a statistically significant difference existed among districts and among months (p < 0.05). Spatial analysis of malaria incidence rates and of vegetation in Belize showed villages with high malaria rates having more broadleaf hill forests, agricultural land, and wetland vegetation types (i.e. SWF-seasonally waterlogged fire-induced shrubland of the plains). Statistical and spatial analyses of malaria incidence and of river distributions in Belize determined the high 10 percentile malaria incidence villages in western and southern Belize to have more rivers within two kilometers of the center of a village and a statistically significant correlation between proximity to rivers and villages (Spearman's γ = -0.23; p < 0.05), especially in Stann Creek District (Spearman's γ = -0.82; p < 0.05). Examination of the distribution of malaria during 10 years indicated transmission varied among geographic areas and among seasons. Additional studies are needed to examine, in more detail, the association between environmental and meteorological factors and malaria transmission. Furthermore, the role of An. darlingi in malaria transmission in Stann Creek needs further study since, of the three main vectors in Belize, An. darlingi has been found strongly associated with rivers.