A self-biased 5-to-60V input voltage and 25-to-1600µW integrated DC-DC buck converter with fully analog MPPT algorithm reaching up to 88% end-to-end efficiency
A self-biased 5-to-60V input voltage and 25-to-1600µW integrated DC-DC buck converter with fully analog MPPT algorithm reaching up to 88% end-to-end efficiency
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DOI：
10.1109/isscc.2013.6487643
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发表时间：
2013-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Stanzione;C. V. Liempd;R. Schaijk;Y. Naito;R. Yazicioglu;C. Hoof
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Stanzione;C. V. Liempd;R. Schaijk;Y. Naito;R. Yazicioglu;C. Hoof
能量收集被视为汽车应用中自主无线传感的一种使能技术。该技术可以依赖于压电或静电能量转换，其使用在轮胎与道路碰撞期间可用的能量。电源管理系统必须以尽可能高的效率将收集的功率传输到负载电池（几μW到mW）。静电收集器即使在低加速度下也可以产生高达40 V的电压[1]。因此，需要高电压（HV）DC-DC转换器来最大化从采集器到负载电池的能量传递。然而，包括最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）算法的HV降压转换器仅被示出用于W量级的高得多的功率范围[2]。另一方面，所有报告的工作在亚mW功率范围内的转换器都不能承受高输入电压，并且不包括集成的MPPT算法[3，4]。在这项工作之前，文献中没有解决方案能够与这些静电能量采集器接口。图4.6.1所示为采用TSMC 0.25μm BCD CMOS（60 V选项）设计和制造的系统框图。该IC能够通过几个外部元件连接振动采集器：整流器、负载电容CIN和电感L。该变换器由动力传动系及其控制电路组成。动力传动系由外部电感器L和集成电源开关MP和MN实现。集成控制电路必须提供正确的栅极电压VGN和VGP，以允许转换器最大化其输出功率。所有电路均通过集成电流基准偏置，并由负载电池电压VBAT和直流输入VIN供电。
Energy harvesting is seen as an enabling technology for autonomous wireless sensing in automotive applications. This technology may rely on piezoelectric or electrostatic energy conversion using the energy available during the tire impact with the road. The power management system has to transfer harvested power to the load battery (few μW to mW) with the highest possible efficiency. An electrostatic harvester can generate voltages up to 40V even at low accelerations [1]. Hence, a high voltage (HV) DC-DC converter is needed to maximize the energy transfer from the harvester to the load battery. However, HV buck converters including maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms have been shown only for much higher ranges of power, in the order of W [2]. On the other hand, all reported converters working in the sub-mW power range are not able to sustain high input voltages and do not include an integrated MPPT algorithm [3, 4]. Until this work, no solution in literature is able to interface with these electrostatic energy harvesters. Figure 4.6.1 shows the block diagram of the system, designed and fabricated in TSMC 0.25μm BCD CMOS (60V option). The IC is able to interface a vibrational harvester by means of few external components: a rectifier, its load capacitor CIN, and an inductor L. The converter is consisting of a power train and its control circuits. The power train is implemented with the external inductor L, and the integrated power switches MP and MN. The integrated control circuits have to provide the correct gate voltages VGN and VGP for allowing the converter to maximize its output power. All circuits are biased by means of an integrated current reference and are supplied by the load battery voltage VBAT and the DC input VIN.